PHAEOPHYCEAE

BROWN ALGAL
CLASSIFICATION
 Fritsch 1935-divided-9 orders
 Ectocarpales
 Tilopteridales
 Cutleriales
 Sporochnales
 Desmarestiales
 Laminariales
 Sphacelariales
 Dictyotales
 Fucales
 BROWN ALGAL LIFE CYCLES
 Isomorphic Generation – Sporophytes (diploid
phase) and gametophytes (haploid phase) are
similar in structure and appearance.
 Heteromorphic Generation –Dissimilar haploid
and diploid phases.
 Absence of a free-living haploid phase.
 HETEROMORPHIC
GENERATIONS
 Structural complexity of the sporophyte
 Reduction of the gametophytic phase
 Loss of plurilocular sporangia
 CHARACTERISTICS
 COMPLEX MULTICELLULAR
THALLI
 FUCOXANTHIN (DOMINANT
PIGMENT)
 HETEROKONTOUS
FLAGELLATED STAGES
 WALLS ARE COMPOSED OF
ALGINIC ACID
 (MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE)
CHARACTERISTICS
 BROWN ALGAL LIFE CYCLES
 Isomorphic Generation – Sporophytes (diploid
phase) and gametophytes (haploid phase) are
similar in structure and appearance.
 Heteromorphic Generation –Dissimilar haploid
and diploid phases.
 Absence of a free-living haploid phase.
 ISOMORPHIC GENERATION
 Ectocarpus - Common in
the colder seas
 Organisms have become
tolerant to the metal
pollution which surrounds
ports and docks.
 Ectocarpus - primitive
brown alga with an
isomorphic life cycle, i.e.
the sporophyte and
gametophyte generations are
identical in appearance.
Ectocarpus – Isomorphic Generation
Ectocarpus – Isomorphic Generation
 HETEROMORPHIC
GENERATIONS
 Structural complexity of
the sporophyte
 Reduction of the
gametophytic phase
 Loss of plurilocular
sporangia
 KELPS
(ORDER LAMINARIALES)
haptera blade
Characteristics
 parenchymatous thallus

 diplohaplontic life cycle

 heteromorphic generations

 oogamous reproduction

Thallus
 Blade, stipe and holdfast
(haptera)

holdfast

stipe
 Laminaria—cross section of the
thallus
 tissues: meristoderm,
cortex, medulla (w/
sieve cells).

cortex

medulla

meristoderm
 OTHER KELPS

SEA PALM –Postelsia

 GIANT KELP

Macrocystis
 NO GAMETOPHYTIC PHASE
FUCALES AND DURVILLAEALES
 Fucus – flattened thallus
and a dichotomous
branching pattern. Small
cavities called
cryptostomates are
scattered on the surface.
Cryptostomates have
sterile hairs that help in
the uptake of nutrients
from the seawater.
cryptostomates
 Fucus
 F. vesiculosus –pairs of
air bladders along its
thallus. These bladders
provide buoyancy.
 Fucus
 Fucus has reproductive regions,
called receptacles
 Located at the ends of its
branches.
 Just below the surface of a
receptacle are conceptacles.
 They are spherical cavities in
which gametes are produced.
 If the male and female gametes
are produced in the same
conceptacle the plant is
monoecious.
 If they are produced in
conceptacles on different algae,
then the plant is dioecious.

Receptacle
Fucus

Male Conceptacle

Female Conceptacle
 USES OF KELPS
 The primary known constituents of Kelp
include algin, carrageenan, iodine, potassium,
bromine, mucopolysaccharides, mannitol,
alginic acid, kainic acid, laminine, histamine,
zeaxanthin, protein, and Vitamins B-2 & C.
 The seaweed Kelp (Fucus vesiculosis) is an
excellent source of minerals from the sea,
particularly iodine which is very important for
the thyroid gland to function properly.
 USES OF KELPS
 Kelp is known for the following properties:
antibacterial, antioxidant, diuretic, expectorant, and
nutritive, and is generally available in the forms of tea
and capsules.
 Past cultural studies relating to the result of diet
including kelp have determined a link to a lower
breast cancer rate; less obesity, heart disease,
rheumatism, arthritis; lower blood pressure; less
thyroid disease; less constipation and gastro-intestinal
ailments and less infectious disease. Kelp provides
nutritional support to the nervous system and heart in
the form of iodine, vitamins, minerals and salts.
 HERBARIUM LABELS
MARINE ALGAE
There are numerous variations in style; however a herbarium
label should contain the following information:
 Geographic area of collection (i.e. name of island, county,
state)
 Where collected, including latitude, and longitude if possible

 Depth, substratum type, etc., including how collected

(SCUBA, dredge, submersible, etc.)
 Specific ecological information

 Collector; date of collection

 Collector's field number for specimen or collection

 Person who identified the specimen

MARINE ALGAE –HERBARIUM
LABELS
 HERBARIUM LABELS
VASCULAR MARINE PLANTS

 Scientific Name: Prunus serotina

 Common Name: Black Cherry
 Family: Rosaceae
 Altitude: 800 ft.
 Locality: Friedrich Wilderness Park
 Habitat: Limestone, oak-juniper
 Date: Oct. 6, 1999
 Collected by: Veronica Pena (all collectors)
 BROWN ALGAL LIFE CYCLES
 Isomorphic Generation – Sporophytes (diploid
phase) and gametophytes (haploid phase) are
similar in structure and appearance.
 Heteromorphic Generation –Dissimilar haploid
and diploid phases.
 Absence of a free-living haploid phase.
 ISOMORPHIC GENERATION
 Ectocarpus - Common in the colder seas of the
Northern Hemisphere, these organisms have
become tolerant to the metal pollution which
surrounds ports and docks. Ectocarpus is one
of the primitive brown algae with an
isomorphic life cycle, i.e. the sporophyte and
gametophyte generations are identical in
appearance.
Ectocarpus – Isomorphic Generation
 Female gametophyte------Plurilocular
gametangium---gametes

 Male gametophyte---Plurilocular
gametangium-----gametes
 KELPS
(ORDER LAMINARIALES)
Characteristics
 parenchymatous thallus

 heteromorphic
generations
 oogamous reproduction

Thallus
 Blade, stipe and holdfast

(haptera)
 USES OF KELPS
 Kelp is known for the following properties:
antibacterial, antioxidant, diuretic, expectorant, and
nutritive, and is generally available in the forms of tea
and capsules.
 kelp have a link to a lower breast cancer rate; less
obesity, heart disease, rheumatism, arthritis; lower
blood pressure; less thyroid disease; less constipation
and gastro-intestinal ailments and less infectious
disease. Kelp provides nutritional support to the
nervous system and heart in the form of iodine,
vitamins, minerals and salts.
Fucus