Meaning and Process of

Doing Philosophy
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
The Thinker
Activity

• Do a primetime reporting format such as Magandang Gabi Bayan,

Saksi, State of the Nation, Aksyon Balita, CNN News of topics: the
Pilosopo and the Philosopher

• Group according to interests: sculpting, singing, poem, drawing

etc.
Rubrics

• Content 5 points
(the message and content of the performance
is appropriate to the topic discussed)
• Organize 5 points
(the performance started and ended properly,
all the members of the group participated and
the flow of the performance is organized)
• Creativity 5 points
(the performance is creative, enticing, appealing
and interesting to the learners)
• TOTAL 15 points
Questions

Identify what is a philosopo and a philosopher?

Why is the important of being a philosopher?
Act out a philosopher
Unlocking Terms

“Pilosopo” connotes the image of a comical, and sometimes

annoying, character.

Often used to describe someone who plays with words, or

twists commonsensical reasoning in order to come across as
funny.

Sometimes the pilosopo is also describes as “KSP” (Kulang sa

Pansin) because their incessant questionings gives the
impression that they are desperate for attention.
Unlocking

A pilosopo can either be a philosopher or not.

No, a philosopher is not a pilosopo because he/she does not

play with words, or twists reasoning just for the fun of it or just
showing that he/she is singularly smart and inquisitive.

Yes, a pilosopo is a philosopher, if his/her intention in playing

with words and overturning usual forms of reasoning is in order
to view things in a different way or he/she asks questions that
stem from a genuine confusion, astonishment and wonder and
touched the understanding of the meaning of life.
Unlocking

Philosophy, etymologically comes from two Greek words, philo,

meaning “to love” and Sophia, meaning “wisdom”. Originally
meant “love of wisdom”.

It is also defines as the science that by natural light of reason

studies the first causes or highest principles of all things.
Four things considered in defining Philosophy:
Science because the investigation is systematic, it follows
procedures like other sciences.

Natural light of Reason – the philosopher uses natural capacity

to think or simply, human reason alone or unaided reason.

Study of all things – human beings, society, religion, language,

God and plants etc.

First Cause or Highest Principles – a principle is that from

which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever.
The First Principles:
Principle of identity-whatever is is; whatever is not is not

Principle of non-Contradiction – impossible for a thing to be

and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect

Principle of Excluded Middle – a thing is either is or is not,

being or not being, no middle ground

Principle of Sufficient Reason – nothing exists without a

sufficient reason for its being and existence.
Branches of Philosophy include:

1. Metaphysics
2. Logic
3. Ethics
4. Epistemology
5. Aesthetics
Branches of Philosophy include:

1. Metaphysics is really an extension of a fundamental and

necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.
Appearance around us are reduced to reality.

Such that Thales, a Greek philosopher claimed that everything

is water. Both the idealist and materialists metaphysical
theories are similarly based on unobservable entities: mind
and water.
Gabriel Marcel
- (1889-1973) “Metaphysical Unease” is like the
bodily state of a man in a fever who
will not lie still but keeps shifting
around in his bed looking for the
right position.”
...we are often visited by
moments of unease because
of questions that ask us to
take some time to reflect.

However the invitation to think

philosophically is easily shrugged off
because the inconvience that the
unease brings us on.
Plato a student of Socrates said that nothing we experience in
physical world with our five senses is real, reality in fact is know
what we claim to know

How we can find out what we wish to know: and

How we can differentiate truth from falsehood.

Two parts of knowledge are:

1. Induction – as believed by the empiricists like John Locke-

through senses processed to be a general ideas.

2. Deduction – as believed by rationalists like Rene Descartes

– finding general law according to which particular facts can be
understood or judged.
Branches of Philosophy include:

2. Logic – just the opposite. It is the unchanging, eternal

immaterial, and can be detected only by the intellect
Branches of Philosophy include:

3. Ethics – is to know between good from evil or right from

wrong. It is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of
moral virtue and evaluates human actions. Philosophy is not
content with traditional or habitual ethics but adopts a critical
perspective and on a transition from a traditional, religion-based
morality to philosophical ethics. Socrates said to be happy is to
live a virtuous life.
Branches of Philosophy include:
4. Epistemology – deals with nature, sources, limitations, and
validity of knowledge. Epistemology explains: 1. How we
comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno,
the Stoic. Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters
pertaining to the human thought. It concerns with the truth or
the validity of our arguments. Aristotle devise a logical method.
As to him humans are posses with reason and use it for
decisions to influence others.
Branches of Philosophy include:

5. Aesthetics – the science of the beautiful in its various

manifestation including the sublime, comic, tragic, and ugly.
Importance of aesthetics:
1. It vitalizes our knowledge.
2. It helps us to live more deeply and richly.
3. It brings us in touch with our culture.
Unscramble the Jumbled

Direction:
Arrange the following jumbled letters to identify
the different principles, tools and techniques in
creating a business.

1. GOLIC
2. IPOESMOLYGEMT
3. SEACITETH
4. CHITES
5. RESPHOHILPO
Analysis

Pilosopo
Philosopher
Branches of Philosophy
Valuing

Mention the importance of Philosophy in daily lives

Generalization

Identify Philosophy from pilosopo

Determine the branches of philosophy
Quizz
5 minutes
With 70 percent efficiency the learners should answer the following questions: (remediation be
devised if needed)
____1. Which of the following item referred us the love of wisdom
a. Pilosopo b. philosopher c. philology d. philosophy
____2. Among the four things considered in the definition of philosophy which is referred when
we say that philosophy studies human beings, society, religion, language, God, and plants among
others
a. science b. natural light of reasons c. study of all things d. highest principle
____3. From items in question #2 which is referred to when we say that philosophy is based on a
principle from which something proceeds in any manner whatsoever.
____4. From the First Principles which is described as whatever is is; and whatever is not is not,
everything is what it is?
a. Principle of identity b. Principle of Non-Contradiction c. Principle of Excluded Middle d. Principle
of Sufficient Reason
Quizz
____5. From items in question #4. Which is referred to when we say that nothing exists without a
sufficient reason for its being and existence?
a. Principle of identity b. Principle of Non-Contradiction c. Principle of Excluded Middle d. Principle
of Sufficient Reason
____6. The knowledge of good and evil
a. metaphysics b. logic c. aesthetics d. ethics
____7. From items in #6 which is referred to as the science of what is beautiful
____8. From items in #6 which is referred to as the fundamental and necessary drive in every
human being to know what is real.
____9. The student of Socrates, and a good example of a metaphysician.
a. Thales b. Plato c. Aristotle d. Euclides
____10. From items in #9 which of the choices said that to be happy, a person has to live a
virtuous life?
Application

Journaling:
Important effect of philosopher in your life
Agreement

Assignment:
Review modern philosophers and record findings in your notes.