AIR ,WATER AND

MARINE POLLUTION

HARISANKAR S
S1 MBA
SMBS
CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 AIR POLLUTION
 WATER POLLUTION
 MARINE POLLUTION
 CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION
 Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause adverse change, in the
form of killing of life ,toxicity of environment , damage to
ecosystem and aesthetics of our surrounding .

 Pollution has become a serious issue after World War II in

developing countries due to unchecked rapid
industrialization. Pollution is the root cause of many
diseases that kill and disable living organisms.

 The various types of pollutions to be discussed are air,

water and marine pollution.

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AIR POLLUTION
 Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate
matter, or biological materials that cause harm or
discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause
damage to the natural environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere.

 According to World Health Organization (WHO) , 9 out of

10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants.

 WHO estimates that around 7 million people die every year

from exposure to fine particles in polluted air .

 Countries are taking measures to tackle and reduce air

pollution from particulate matter.

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TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION
 There are several types of air pollution, Mainly Indoor Air
Pollution and Out Door Air Pollution.

 Out Door Air Pollution includes:

 Smog
 Acid Rain
 Green House Effect
 Hole In Ozone Layer

 Indoor Air Pollution includes:

 Volatile organic compounds
 Tobacco smoke
 Biological pollutants
 Asbestos etc

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TYPES OF AIR POLLUTANTS
 Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary.
 Primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from a
process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption, the carbon
monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulphur
dioxide released from factories.
 Primary pollutants include:
 Sulphur oxides (SOx)
 Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
 Carbon monoxide
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Volatile organic compounds
 Particulate matter
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
 Ammonia (NH3)
 Radioactive pollutants etc.

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 Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather,
they form in the air when primary pollutants react or
interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is
ground level ozone — one of the many secondary
pollutants that make up photochemical smog.

 Secondary pollutants includes:

 Particulate matter formed from gaseous primary

pollutants and compounds in photochemical smog.

 Ground level ozone (O3) formed from NOx and VOCs

 Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) – similarly formed from NOx

and VOCs

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CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

 Excess burning of fuels, such as, cow dung, kerosene and

coal in residences.
 Uses of artificial fertilizers in agriculture.
 Thermal power plants as they emit large amounts of
sulphur dioxide.
 Mining activities generates harmful substances that
pollute the air.
 Deforestation is one of the chief reasons that pollute the
environment as it releases carbon dioxide.
 Nuclear power plants contaminate the air by emitting
radioactive rays.
 Cigarette smoking releases carbon monoxide.

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EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
 Breathing difficulties as well as respiratory problems such
as asthma, lung cancer and bronchitis
 Affects the nervous system by carbon monoxide poisoning.
 Depletion of ozone layer
 Global warming by heating the earth atmosphere and rise
in sea level which causes melting of glaciers resulting in
floods.
 acid rain

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PREVENTIONS
 Car Pool
 Vehicle Care
 Public Transport
 Alternative Energy Sources
 Saving Energy
 Minimize Air Pollution
 Recyclable Materials
 Smart Purchasing

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WATER POLLUTION
 Water is considered to be a great gift from nature.
 Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies very
often by human activities. It occurs when pollutants are
discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without
enough treatment to get rid of harmful compounds.
 According to WaterAid and Globe Water, 289,000 children
below the age of five years pass away owing to the intake
of polluted water which causes diseases such as diarrhea.
 An alarming 80% of India’s surface water is polluted,
according to the latest assessment by WaterAid, an
international organization working for water sanitation
and hygiene.
 By 2050, India’s burgeoning population and water scarcity
will reach alarming proportions.

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TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
 Nutrients Pollution
 Surface water pollution
 Oxygen Depleting
 Ground water pollution
 Microbiological
 Suspended Matter
 Chemical Water Pollution
 Oil Spillage
 Industrial causes of water pollution
 Sewage and waste water
 Mining activities
 Underground storage and tube
 leakages
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EFFECTS OF WATER
POLLUTION
 Death of aquatic (water) animals
 Disruption of food-chains
 Diseases
 Destruction of ecosystems
 Thermal heating
 Toxic water

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Sewage Treatment
 Industrial Wastewater Treatment
 Agricultural Wastewater Treatment
 Erosion And Sediment Control
 Control Of Urban Runoff
 Turn Off Running Water
 Join A Special Society Devoted To The Prevention Of Water
Pollution
 Participate In Clean-up
 Spread Awareness

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MARINE POLLUTION
 Marine pollution includes a range of threats including from
land based sources, oil spills, untreated sewage, heavy
siltation ,eutrophication (nutrient enrichment), invasive
species ,persistent organic pollutants (POP’s), heavy
metals from mine tailings and other sources, acidification,
radioactive substances, marine litter, overfishing and
destruction of coastal and marine habitats.
 Direct or indirect introduction of substances or energy into
the marine environment ,resulting in harm to the living
resources , hazards to human health ,hindrance to marine
activities, including fishing ,impairment of the quality of
sea water and reduction of amenities.
 In 2002, more than 70% of the tropical and temperate
coasts were heavily impacted by development of resorts,
hotels, settlements and other human infrastructure. By
2032, this figure may have risen to as much as 90% (range
81-95%) with substantial increases in discharges of
nutrients and silt into the marine environment.
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SOURCES OF MARINE POLLUTION

 Direct discharge of waste into the oceans,

 Runoff into the waters due to rain
 Ship Pollution
 Atmospheric Pollution
 Deep Sea Mining

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EFFECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION

 Eutrophication
 Acidification
 Plastic Debris
 Other Toxins
 Noise Pollution
 Kills coral and other temperature sensitive
sedentary species.

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 The Discharge Of Oily Mixtures Into The Sea Is Prohibited
 Reduce The Potential Of An Oil Discharge
 Prohibit Dumping Of Garbage Into Sea
 Plan To Reduce And Store Your Garbage
 Garbage Waste Management Onboard
 Marine monitoring and regulations
 Shift in awareness towards greener lifestyle, Respect the
environment

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CONCLUSION
 From the above discussion we can concluded that:
 due to increase in population and agricultural practice
and also industrialization ,water quality of drinking
water is decreased and there a need to proper
treatment of water and some prevention method to
reduce water pollution and manage to supply safe
drinking water
 Air pollution is a result of industrial and certain
domestic activity,Use of cleaner fuels such as biogas,
CNG and electricity can prevent air pollution
 Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The
pollution often comes from sources such as agricultural
runoff and wind blown debris.They can be prevented
using different preventive practices.

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THANK YOU

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