Blood &

circulation

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 Circulation
Your body
resembles a large
roadmap, There
are routes or
“arteries” that take
you downtown to
the “heart” of the
city.
 3 Major Parts of the Circulatory
system
• Blood Vessels - routes blood travels

• Heart – pumps or pushes blood through body

• Blood – carries important “ *stuff ” through

body

* Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste

 # 1 Blood Vessels : One Way
Streets
• Blood Vessels
resemble very
long and skinny
tunnels that are
all through your
body.
 3 Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries Capillaries Veins

* Click on each blood vessel to explore its

function in circulation
• #2 The Heart

–4 chambers ( or compartments )
• 2 upper chambers : Left Atrium
Right Atrium

• 2 lower chambers : Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle
 Lub Dub
If you listen to
your heartbeat, it
makes a lub dub
sound.

The lub is when blood

is pushed out of the
heart into the body and
the dub is the reloading
of the heart with more
blood ready to push it
out to the body
 Blood Flow through the Human Body

Blood with little oxygen is pumped from the Right Atrium through a valve to
the Right Ventricle and through another valve into the Pulmonary Vein. The
Pulmonary Vein sends it to the Lungs to pick up Oxygen. It’s sent from the
Lungs through Pulmonary Arteries to the Left Atrium through a valve to the
Left Ventricle. The Left Ventricle sends it through a valve to the Aorta. The
Aorta is a series of branches that sends oxygenated blood throughout the
body.
 Types of circulatory systems
• Animals that have a circulatory system
have one of two kinds:
– Open: fluid is circulated through an open
body chamber.
– Closed: fluid is circulated through blood
vessels.
 Open system
• Arthropods and
most mollusks
have an open
circulatory system.
• Hemolymph is
contained in a body
cavity, the
hemocoel. A series
of hearts circulates
the fluid.
 Closed system
• Vertebrates, annelid
worms, and a few
mollusks have a
closed circulatory
system.
• Blood is moved
through blood
vessels by the
heart’s action. It does
not come in direct
contact with body
organs.
Why does an open circulatory system
limit body size?
1. Hearts are too small 25% 25% 25% 25%
for growth.
2. Too little blood to
support a larger
animal.
3. Less efficient in
moving oxygen to
body tissues.
4. Hemocoel must be
shed for growth.
1 2 3 4
 CIRCULATION
–Coronary circulation – the
circulation of blood within the
heart.
–Pulmonary circulation – the flow
of blood between the heart and
lungs.
–Systemic circulation – the flow of
blood between the heart and the
cells of the body.
–Fetal Circulation
 SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY
CIRCULATION
Pulmonary
circulation
The flow of blood
between the heart
and lungs.
Systemic
circulation The
flow of blood
between the heart
and the cells of
Figure 18.5
the body. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 15
CORONARY CIRCULATION:
ARTERIAL SUPPLY

Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 16

Figure 18.7a
 PORTAL CIRCULATION

Portal circulation
- the flow of blood
between tow set of
capillaries before
draining in
systemic veins.
FETAL CIRCULATION
• The simplest way to monitor heartbeat is to
listen using a stethoscope.
– “Lub” is the sound made by the closing of the
bicuspid and tricuspid valves at the start of
ventricular contraction.
– “Dub” is the sound made by the closing of
the pulmonary and aortic valves at the end of
ventricular contraction.
• A heart murmur is heard due to turbulence
created by the valves not closing fully.
 Blood pressure

• Systolic pressure =
pressure when the
heart contracts.

• Diastolic pressure =
pressure between
heart beats.
• Another way to examine the events of
the heartbeat is to monitor the blood
pressure.
–A device called a
sphygmomanometer is used to
measure the blood pressure in the
brachial artery of the arm.
–Diastolic pressure is the low
pressure when the atria are filling.
–Systolic pressure is the high
pressure associated with the ventricles
contracting.
 MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE
1 Blood 2 3
pressure
gauge
100 150 100 150
100 150
50 200 50 200
50 200
0 250 0 250 0 250

Cuff
Stethoscope

Cuff pressure: 150 Cuff pressure: 120 Cuff pressure: 75

No sound: Pulse sound: Sound stops:
artery closed Systolic pressure Diastolic pressure
• Heart Rate
can be Average Heart Rate of some
determined Mammals
using a
376

Heartbeats per
Stethoscope 400

minute
300 200
200
50 30 70 40
100 28 9
0

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gre Mammals
 Heart Facts
• Hold out your hand and make a fist. If you're a kid, your
heart is about the same size as your fist, and if you're an
adult, it's about the same size as two fists.

• Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and

about 35 million times in a year. During an average
lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion
times.

• Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. You're using

about the same amount of force your heart uses to
pump blood out to the body. Even at rest, the muscles of
the heart work hard--twice as hard as the leg muscles of
a person sprinting.