LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

POOLS,FOUNTAINS AND
PONDS
CLASSIFICATION
POOLS
 Artificially enclosed body of water intended for
swimming or water-based recreation.
 There are many standard sizes and shapes.
 A pool can be built either above or in the ground,
and from materials such as metal,
plastic,fibreglass or concrete.
 The types of pools are private,public,spa pools etc.
 They must be of water proof construction and be
adapted to the local climate and soils .
 All types require provisions for periodic draining,
cleaning, and sealing or coating to maintain
structural integrity, appearance, and operation .
MATERIALS
 Concrete is probably the most commonly used
material for urban installations . It is durable,
economical, reasonably waterproof .
 Stone imparts a richness and permanence.Stone
may be expressed as cut, finished material in
either monolithic or as naturally occurring
boulders, slabs, or smaller stones.
 Brick generally provides a finish intermediate to
concrete and stone in terms of both cost and
aesthetics.
MATERIALS
 Wood absorbs water, sealing the joints as it
expands, and is inexpensive and simple to construct
.
 Metal, either cast or fabricated from sheets, is
waterproof and offers a richness and permanence.
Suitable metals include bronze, brass, copper, and
stainless steel .
 Fiberglass is waterproof and may be integrally
colored or filled with ground or crushed stone
FUNCTIONS
 Recreation :Pools may be designed for swimming,
fishing, boating, or just water play, as with
participatory water displays .
 Circulation Control: Pools may be used to direct or
interrupt traffic patterns for reasons of safety or
security
 Utilitarian: Irrigation reservoir, as a retention
pond for site or as a means for cooling
EFFECTS
 Still Water: The container defines the form
assumed by the water.
 A dark pool finish with an undisturbed surface will
function as a reflector
 A disturbed surface is a texture .
 A light-colored and/or patterned pool finish with
an undisturbed surface will function as a window.
 A disturbed surface will act as a activator,
imparting a dynamic quality to the submerged
surface .
 A light, unpatterned finish will emphasize water
clarity .
FOUNTAINS AND CASCADES
 A fountain is a part of landscape architecture
which pours water into a basin or jets it into the
air for decorative or dramatic effect.
 They may be wall fountains or free-standing. In
fountains sheets of water may flow over varied
surfaces of stone, concrete or metal.
 Many fountains are located in small, artificial,
ornamental ponds, basins and formal garden pools,
and often they include sculpture.
TYPES
 Basically two types of fountains: Sprays (fountain
jets) and ornamental statuary.
 Spray fountain consists of a jet nozzle attached
to the outlet pipe of the pump above the pond's
water level. It produces an attractive ornamental
spray. Geyser jets produce a larger, more dramatic
effect,
 Statuary fountains consists of classical Greek
figures and wall-mounted gargoyles to modern art
forms and spouting frogs or fish.
CASCADES
 Cascading water is a combination of flowing and
falling water.
 In a cascading waterfall water moves over a
texture comprised of projecting forms to divert
the flow laterally or to cause it to spring free of
the vertical surface.
 Results in a pattern of free-falling water, flowing
water, and dry areas .
 The character of a water wall will be determined
by the finish of the material over which the water
flows. Smooth surfaces achieve maximum visibility.
TYPES
 For falls of 3 feet or less, a free-falling fullsheet,
an interrupted sheet, or spouts are generally
preferable
 An interrupted sheet, spouts, a water wall, or a
cascade will provide a display of equal or greater
visibility for greater heights, while affording
considerable energy savings, less splash, greater
wind stability, and a sound quality appropriate to
confined or interior spaces .
 A smooth water fall is limited to close viewing,
except for very large area applications, and does
not generate any significant sound.
TYPES
 Flatter cascades and streams are used to provide a
sense of continuity to architectural landscape .
 Spouting water provides verticality and sound in a
flat pool and a sense of source or beginning to
free-falling, flowing, or cascading displays.
 A stepped-form cascade directs water over an
irregularly stepped structure which may vary from
a random array of natural stone to a precise,
geometric often sculptural element .
FREE FALLING WATER EFFECTS
CASCADING WATER EFFECT
PONDS
• Ponds refer to constructed wetlands designed to
retain, detain, settle, or infiltrate site storm water
runoff.
• Designed for aesthetic ornamentation, fish ponds
designed for commercial fish breeding, and solar ponds
designed to store thermal energy.
• There are two primary types of backyard ponds. Ponds
created with vinyl liners allow for ultimate flexibility
and can be created in any shape and size.
• Preformed ponds are typically made from fiberglass
and offer cheap and easy instillation, with limited
design options.
THANK YOU