SCOPE

 Physics of hover
 Working principle
 Block diagram
 Circuit diagram
 Military Applications
 Introduction
 It is a Four Rotor unmanned Aerial Drone
Operates with same principle as of a
helicopter.
 Controlled Remotely by an Operator Or
Autonomously Via Pre- Programmed Flight
Paths
 A intense mixture of Electronics,
Mechanical and mainly on the principle of
Aviation
Quadcopter
Physics of quadcopter
 Working Principle
 Vertical Lift
 In order for a quadcopter to rise into the
air, a force must be created.
 which equals or exceeds the force of
gravity.
 This is the basic idea behind aircraft lift,
which comes down to controlling the
upward and downward force.
 Now, quadcopters use motor design and
propeller direction for propulsion to
basically control the force of gravity
against the quadcopter.
 Thrust force and Drag force
• Four rotors spins to • Each rotor in a
generate thrust force quadcopter has to
(which we will denote overcome drag every
here as F). time it spins.
• Relationship between: • Drag force is Moment
Thrust and RPM of the
which is able to make
motors or the angular
an object rotate
velocity (Av) is
approximately quadratic (torque).
Force Vs velocity
FRES Vs Av
Every rotor has to
account for 1/4th of the
total weight of the
quadcopter, in order to
hover.
S = ¼ Mass of the
Quadcopter
Acceleration by gravity
 Direction of Rotors Motion

Why quadcopter side by side i.e. to cancel the force exerted by

rotors are being made to opposite rotors and avoid rotation
rotate in opposite direction? of quadcopter on its own axis.
Block Diagram
Block Diagram Showing Motor Control
Circuit diagram
Electrical Functioning
Radio Tx  Transmits Control Signals
(2.4GHz-300m to about 1.5km)

Microcontroller

PWM signal from the flight controller

and Controls BLDC Motors

Motor/ Propeller Speed gives the

Quadcopter all of the Necessary
Control to Fly.
 Quadcopter Movement
 Throttle
 upward and downward motion of the quad.
 takeoff and landing
 Elevator
 forward and backward motion of the quad.
 Aileron
 right and left movements.
 Rudder
 action is used to create clockwise and anti-
clockwise movement of the quadcopter about the
central axis.
contd. . . .
Throttle
Elevator
Aileron
Rudder
 Military Applications

• Monitoring long range missile threats

• Protecting personnel in combat zone
• Supporting communication in low network
areas
• Surveying and mapping
• Monitor security threat in battle zones

contd . . .
 Conclusion
• Aerial photo
• Sport
• Drone delivery
• Disaster management
• Urban planning
• Waste management
Thank You