RRL

(Review of Related Literature)

Making
Members:
Alistair Jan Baito
Cherrylourd Sophia Layawon
Kristine Kaye Espera
Curt Lu
Trisha Mae Antonino
SUMMARIZING
P A R A P H R A S E ----- R E P H R A S E
R E V I E W O F R E LAT E D LI T E RAT U R E
Ma’am Kathy Lyn Daga-as
OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the discussion the students are

expected to:
;know what a review of related literature contains
;know where to get details/information to put in
RRL
;know how to paraphrase, rephrase and
summarize,
;and know how to write an RRL in a correct format
Review of Related Literature
A review of related literature is the process of
collecting, selecting, and reading books, journals,
reports, abstracts, and other reference materials.
Describe, summarize, and evaluate the materials.
Report of the results from the evaluation of
information.
Convey to the reader what knowledge and ideas
have been established in the topic.
Purpose:
 Provide a context for research.
 Justify the research.
 Ensurethat the research has not been done
before.
 Showwhen the research fits into the existing
body of research.
 Highlight flaws in the previous research.
What to put in Review of Related
Literature?
 1. Background information about the problem and related
concepts.
 2. Theories that explain the existence of the problem and the
possible connection between certain factors and the problem
 3. Data that confirms the existence and seriousness of the
problem
 4. General and specific findings of studies related to the problem
 5. Recommendations for further study given in related studies
WHERE TO GET?
 Professional Journals
 Articles
 Books
 Magazines
 Newspapers
 Encyclopedias
 Reference sites
Steps on writing an RRL:

 Define a topic and audience.

 Identify the literature to be reviewed.
 Analyze the literature.
 Summarize the literature in table or concept
map form.
 Synthesize the literature prior to writing the
review.
 Writing the review.
How to write a Review on Related
Literature?
 Use headings arranged in logical order to
indicate main points.
 Avoid long introduction to your main
topic.
 Include information that are directly
related and relevant to topic.
 Do not copy or plagiarize.
 Give due credit to the real source of your
data. Cite authors at the end of the
sentence.
 Paraphrase using your own words.
 Summarize important points from your
sources and relate them to your topic.
How to write a Review of Related
Literature?
1) Introduction: Introduce your topic and briefly explain why this is a
significant or important area for study. Define terms if necessary.
In order to make the Introduction elaborately, take the following steps:
 Identify the general topic of the sources under discussion. Thus, you
will provide the context of your review of related literature;
 Discuss what was already presented about the topic of your paper:
conflicts in a theory, conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship,
etc.
 Explain why the literature used is worth reviewing.
When writing the Body, do the following:

 Groupthe sources according to their common

dominators (approaches, objectives or any specific
chronologies);
 Givethe examples of how to sort out these groups.
Use quotations, evidences, data, etc. They will
make your review of…
 Summary of articles: In a paragraph or two
for each study, briefly explain the purpose,
how it was conducted (how information was
gathered), and the major findings. When
referring to an article, use the last name of
author or authors and date of publication in
the text.
Example: Calvin and Brommel (1996)
believe family communication…
To make the Conclusion, do the following:
3) Conclusion: Briefly summarize the major findings of
the studies chosen. Comments about what questions
need to still be answered may be included.
 Summarize the contributions of the literature
sources made to the area of study you investigate.
Maintain the central focus in the Introduction;
 Give a kind of insight into the relationship between
the topic of your review and a larger study area
(e.g. a discipline, a scientific endeavor, etc.)
4) References: List the studies
used on a separate page
according to APA style format
Paraphrasing:

 Toparaphrase is to include the ideas or information from

an original source in your paper by rephrasing those
ideas or information in your own words. The key to
successful paraphrasing is to use as few words as possible
from the original text--be mindful not to change the
meaning that you are trying to convey as you rephrase--
and to cite your paraphrase. Without proper citation,
your paraphrase could be construed as plagiarism.
Rephrasing:

 Rephrasing is a skill that comes in handy when writing a

paper. When citing content, you need to be able to put
information into your own words. To start, read the
content carefully and rewrite it in your own voice.
Then, review your work and tweak it as necessary to
make sure you're being as clear as possible. Make sure
the work is completely rewritten to avoid plagiarism.
 1. Read the content you want to rephrase carefully to ensure
you rephrase the content in your own understanding. Reading
carefully is the key. Read the content you're rephrasing again
and again until you feel like you understand it completely.
 2. Take notes while reading the content. In this way, you'll
already rephrase it slightly. After reading each paragraph, pause
and restate what was said.
 3. Do not use words from the original text. It is necessary to
change each and every word in the content. Unless you're
quoting directly, make sure most of the original diction or words
are cut from your writing. Some words may be unavoidable.
 4. Put the content in your own words. Imagine you
were explaining the information to someone unknown
to help you rephrase it. State the content to this
imaginary person using your own words.
 5. Build off the existing content. While you rephrase
the information to avoid plagiarism, the main goal is
to use the information to support your own thesis or
argument. Think of how the content relates to your
particular paper or essay.
 6. After rephrasing, always remember to cite the
source. Even if you've put the content into your own
words, you need to cite it.
What is summarizing?
 Summarizing a journal article is the process
of presenting a focused overview of a
completed research study that is published in
a peer-reviewed, scholarly source.
 Summarizing a journal article provides
potential readers with a short descriptive
commentary, giving them some insight into
the article's focus. With a little practice, you
can already learn to read articles effectively
with an eye for summary and write it to
completing.
Identification:

1.) It is the process

of gathering related
concepts about the
problem.
2.) The process of
putting information
in your own words
to avoid plagiarism.
3.) The process of
making an overview
or shorter descriptive
details about a
certain topic.
4.) The act of
claiming or using
ideas without giving
credits to the real
author.
5.) Previous studies that
are the basis or
reference in making
your own study and are
related to the problem.
6.) Expressing an idea in
a different way with the
purpose of changing the
perspective of the
original idea.
7.) General and
specific finding of
studies related to
the problem.
8.) Conveying the
meaning of something
using different words
to attain greater
clarity.
9.) State one
reference where
you can get
information for the
RRL. (Enumeration)
10.) The process of
getting the
important points or
details from a
source.