Qualitative Phase Behavior

of two component system

Abdalla Darwish Sameh Sobhey

George Mathew
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Important definition
• Phase Rule
• Phase diagram of two component mixture
– Pressure-volume diagram (P-V diagram)
– Pressure-Temperature diagram (P-T diagram)
– The retrograde phenomena
– The composite P-T diagram
– The pressure composition diagram
– The temperature composition diagram
 INTRODUCTION
“Our behavior is what we do when we think no one
is looking”
compiled by H. Jackson Brown.

In our life to know how to treat someone, you

should first understand his behavior.

It is the same point here, you want to treat with oil

or gas underground.
Studying of PVT diagrams
Studying of PVT diagram is very
important:
It indicates the phase changes that occur
when the pressure, temperature or volume of
a system are varied.

Used to visualize the fluids production path

from the reservoir to the surface

To classify reservoir fluids.

Visualize miscible processes.

 Does The petroleum engineer
work with one-component or two-
component systems??
The petroleum engineer does not normally
work with one-component or two-
component systems; usually mixtures
consisting of many components are
encountered.
 Definitions
System Component
A mount of substance within a Those pure components which
given boundaries under a produce the system under all
specific condition composed of conditions. (Ex: C2H2, CH4..)
a number of components.

Phase Composition
a homogeneous and physically
the % or amount in which a
distinct part of the system that
particular component is
is separated from the other
present in a given mixture.
parts by a bounding surface.
 Phase Rule
• Gibbs (1876) described that for a
homogeneous mixture, the ‘degree of
freedom’ (F) of a given component in that
mixture is related to the total number of
component (C) and the number of
equilibrium phases
• The equation states that a single-
component system (C=1) is bivariant (F=2)
when one phase is present (P=1),
univariant (F=1) when two phases are
present (P=2), and invariant (F=0) when
three phase are present (P=3).
**************************************************
 Two component systems

Reservoir fluids contain many components

but we will first consider two components,
such a system is called a binary.
Phase diagram of two component
mixture
• Pressure-volume diagram (P-V diagram)
• Pressure-Temperature diagram (P-T
diagram)
• The retrograde phenomena
• The composite P-T diagram
• The pressure composition diagram
• The temperature composition diagram
 Pressure-volume diagram
• Consider the pressure-volume diagram of
a binary hydrocarbon mixture with a given
overall composition.

• The two component of this mixture will be

designated as more volatile component
and the less volatile component depending
on their relative vapor pressure at a given
temperature.
 P-V diagram
Pressure
Liquid Critical Point
System is
all liquid

At bubble point,
first bubble of gas Tc
appear

At dew point, the gas is at maximum

but an infinitesimal amount of liquid
T4
Gas T3
System is gas state Two Phase T2
Region T1

Volume
 More explanation
• AB vapor phase
isothermal
• CD: the liquid phase
isothermal
• are very similar
Which are obtained
for a single
component system.
 More explanation
• CB: different from the
corresponding
isotherm for a pure
component in that the
pressure increase
from the dew point to
the bubble point.
• Because the
composition of liquid
and vapor change as
its pass through the
two phase region
 More explanation
• At the dew point B: the composition of the vapor is
equal to the overall composition of the system but the
infinitesimal amount of liquid which condenses is richer in
the less volatile component.

• However, as more volatile component steadily increases

(with a corresponding increase in vapor pressure) until
the composition of the liquid become equal to that of the
system as a whole at the bubble point. The infinitesimal
amount of vapor remaining at the bubble point is richer
in the more volatile component than the system as a
whole.

• The liquid and the vapor are indistinguishable at the

critical pressure and temperature.
By carrying out a series of constant
temperature expansion