Criminal Law

and
Juvenile Justice Law
What is Criminal Law?
Criminal law refers to a body of laws that apply to
criminal acts. Wherein an individual fails to adhere to a
particular criminal statute, he or she commits a criminal
act by breaking the law.
Criminal law is the body of law and defines all the
penalties.
Criminal law is a system of law concerned with the
punishment of those who commit crimes.
Criminal law involve the forfeiture of ones rights and
imprisonment.
What is Civil Law?
Civil Law is a branch of law which has for its double
purposes; the organization of the family and the regulation
of property.
The mass of percepts which determine and regulate the
relations of assistance, authority, and obedience among
the members of a society for the protection of private
interests.
Civil law is also known as Civil Code of the Philippines
Civil Law relates to the resolution of legal controversies
and involve money damage.
 Similarities between Civil Law and
Criminal Law
Both civil and criminal law/cases are fought in a
court presided over by a judicial officer.

The case will end with a court order or sentence after

witnesses have testified and evidence related to the
case has been examined. The order of the court can
be in the form of a fine, a prison, or both.
 Differences between Civil and Criminal Law
 Criminal Law
 Civil Law
Involves crime against the society,
Involves crime against a
state, or the government.
specific party of person.
Criminal cases are brought by
Civil cases are brought
federal, state, or local government
by private individuals.
in response to violation of a rule.
Civil case includes child
Criminal cases includes murder
support, child custody,
(murder fall under criminal cases
contract violations,
that even though a single person
property damage,
is killed, murder is considered as
personal injury, and
an offense against the society),
divorce.
homicide, conspiracy and fraud,
theft, manslaughter, sexual
assault, possession of drugs, etc.
 Operation and Processes:
 Civil Law
Civil cases happens when one person,
business or agency sues another one
because of a dispute between them,
usually involving money. If someone loses
a civil case, they may be ordered to pay
the other side money or to give up
property, but they will not go to jail just
for losing the case.
In Civil Case, the plaintiff must prove his
or her case by a “preponderance of the
evidence” (more than 50%). This means
that a party can win if he or she is able to
convince the judge or jury that his/her
side of the case is slightly more
convincing than the other side.
 Criminal Law
Criminal case happens when the
government files a case in a court
to punish someone (the defendant)
for committing a crime. If a
defendant is found guilty of a
crime, he or she may face jail or
prison.
The government must prove that
the defendant is guilty “beyond
reasonable doubt”.
 Effectiveness of Civil Law

The Civil Law requires a set of detailed rules and procedures to

ensure that a dispute will be treated in a neutral way, without
biases in favor of any party. There is, as expected, a strong
correlation between people’s perception that civil law is
effectively implemented and their perception that the system is
not affected by external factors such as improper government
influence.
 Effectiveness of Criminal Law

Effective Criminal Law are capable of investigating and

adjudicating offenses effectively and impartially, while
ensuring that the rights of suspects and victims are
protected. The act of the court in making an order,
judgement, or decree was perceived as timely and effective.
What is Juvenile Justice Law?
 Republic Act 9344 or the Juvenile Justice Law of 2006 is the
unique body of law that relates to minors.
 Republic Act 9344 or the Juvenile Justice Law of 2006 sets
the minimum age of criminal liability at 15 years old. This
means that those between 15 to 18 years old may be detained
in youth centers and go through rehabilitation programs.
Those under 15 years old are exempted from criminal
liability and undergo intervention.
 End of Discussion
Thank you for listening!