Presentation Topic: Variable Valve Timing and Lift Control

Group Members
BSME-15-23
BSME-15-26
BSME-15-28
BSME-15-29
BSME-15-30
 Table of Contents

• Variable valve timing

• CAM Switching
• CAM Phasing
• Typical effect of timing adjustments
• Variable valve lift
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
 What is Variable Valve Timing?

• As the RRM of the engine changes the “ideal” valve

opening and closing
• Without Variable valve timing,the valve timing must
be the for all engine speeds and conditions which
decreases the engine and fuel economy or emissions
• Variable valve timing (VVT) allows valve opening
and/or closing points to be changed at specific engine
speed
 Types

1. Discrete
Early Variable timing systems used discrete
(stepped) adjustment
• For example,one timing would be used below 3500
rpm and another used above 3500 rpm
2. Continuous
Infinite adjustment of the valve timing
• For example,timing can be optimized to suit all
engine speeds and conditions
 CAM Switching

• Uses two cam profiles,which an actuator to swap

between the profiles (usually at a specific engine
speed).
• Cam switching can also provide variable valve lift
and variable duration,however the adjustment is
discrete rather than continuous
• Different companies have different methods of
switching between cam profiles
 CAM Phasing

• The simplest and cheapest form of VVT

• Phase angle of the camshaft is rotated forward or
backard relative to the crankshaft.for example, at high
speed, the inlet camshaft will be rotated in advance
by 30 degree
• This movement is controlled by engine management
system
• The camshaft lift and duration cannot be altered with
a cam-phasing system
 Typical effect of timing adjustments

• Late intake valve closing

• Early intake valve closing
• Early intake valve opening
• Early/late exhaust valve closing
 Late intake valve closing

• The piston pushes air out of the cylinder and back

into the intake manifold during the compression
stroke
• The air which is expelled fills the manifold with
higher pressure,and on intake strokes the air which is
taken at a higher pressure
• Reduce pumping losses by 40% during partial load
conditions
 Early intake valve closing

• Closing the intake valve midway through the intake

stroke
• Air/fuel depends are so low at low load conditions
and work required to fill the cylinder is relatively
high,so Early intake valve closing greatly reduces
pumping losses
• Increases fuel economy by 7%.It also reduces nitric
oxides emission by 24% at partial load condition
 Early intake valve opening

• In traditional engine a process called valve

overlap is used to aid in controlling the cylinder
temperature
• By opening the intake valve early,some of the
inert/combusted exhaust gas will back flow out of
the cylinder, via the intake valve,where it cools
momentarily in the intake manifold
• It improves volumetric efficiency,because there is
less exhaust gas to be expelled on the exhaust
stroke
 Early/late exhaust valve closing

• Traditionally the exhaust valve opens,and exhaust gas

is pushed out of the cylinder
• Engineer can control how much exhaust gas is left in
the cylinder
• By holding the exhaust valve open slightly longer,the
cylinder is emptied more and ready to be filled with a
bigger air/fuel charge on the intake stroke.This results
in more power
 Variable Valve Lift(VVL)

• VVL is mainly used to enhance performance

• A VVL engine has two cam profiles: low and high lift
• Under regular conditions,the engine will use the low
lift cam to operate the valves
• Under higher load, a solenoid switches the engine
over to the high lift cam(or cams),inreasing valve
travel and therefore,performance
 Advantages

• Better fuel efficiency

• High initial torque with relevant high power
• Strong performance
• Lower emission
 Disadvantages

• Higher cost of engine,more complex mechanism

• Wear and tear problems,thus decrease engine life
• Failed to overcoming turbocharging