Temperature Controller

FOTEK MT Series
FUZZY + PID Temperature Controller
 What Is TC?
• A device which is used to control a heater or
other equipment
• Compare a sensor signal with a set-point and
perform calculations according to
the deviation between those values
• Used to control temperatures, mainly without
extensive operator involvement
 Operation
• A controller in a temperature control system
will accept a temperature sensor such as a
thermocouple or RTD as input
• Compare the actual temperature to the
desired control temperature, or set-point
• It will then provide an output to a control
element
Temperature Controller Principle
 Controlled Object Characteristics
Before selecting a Temperature Controller, it is
necessary to understand the thermal characteristics
of the controlled object for proper temperature
control

Indicates the ease of heating. Varies with furnace

Indicate heating capability. Vary with capacity of heater

Indicate the startup characteristics of heating. Vary

with heater & furnace capacity .

Cause temperature change

 Types of TC
Three basics types of TC:
On/Off Proportional PID
 On/Off Control
• Simplest Form
• Output: Only on/off. No middle point
• Switch output only if temperature crosses set-
point
• Temperature<Set-point=on
• Temperature>Set-point=off
• Used where-precise control is not necessary,
system cannot handle having the energy turned
on and off frequently, mass of the system is so
great that temperatures change extremely slowly.
 Proportional Control
• Decreases the average power supplied to the heater
as the temperature approaches set-point
• Accomplished by turning the output on and off for
short time intervals
• “Time proportioning" varies the ratio of "on" time to
"off" time to control the temperature
• Occurs within a "proportional band" around the set-
point temperature and outside this band works as
on/off controller
• Temperature =Set-point, On time: Off Time=1:1
• Temperature <Set-point, On time longer
• Temperature >Set-point, Off time longer
 PID Control
• Provides the most accurate and stable control of
the three controller types
• Provides proportional with integral and derivative
control
• Combines proportional control with two
additional adjustments and helps the unit
automatically compensate for changes in the
system
• Three terms must be individually adjusted or
"tuned" to a particular system using trial and
error
 PID CONTROL
 PID – Proportional Integral Derivative
 Mechanism – Control Loop Feedback
Mechanism
 Use – Industrial Control System
 Requirement – Continuous Molded Control
 Calculates an error value e(t) as the difference
between desired Set Point (SP) and a measured
Process Variable (PV) and applies a correction
based on Proportional, Integral,
and Derivative terms
e(t) = SP- PV
 PID Controller Block Diagram
PID CONTROL(Cont.)
• Maintains the output such that
there is zero error between
process variable and set point/
desired output by closed loop
operations
• PID uses three basic control
behaviors
• Proportional controller gives
output which is proportional to
current error e (t)
• compares desired or set point with
feedback process value P-Controller PI-Controller
• Speed of the response is increased
when the proportional constant Kc
increases
• I- Controller provides necessary
action to eliminate the steady
state error
• limits the speed of response and
affects stability of the system
• Speed of the response is increased
by decreasing integral gain Ki
PID CONTROL(Cont.)

• D-controller overcomes the

inability to predict future by PID Controller
anticipating future behavior of the
error

• D-Controller output depends on

rate of change of error with
respect to time, multiplied by
derivative constant

• It improves the stability of system

by compensating phase lag caused
by I-controller

• Increasing the derivative gain

increases speed of response
PT-100 Ohm SELECTABLE
 GUIDING OF MODEL
MT 48 R RS mA

SERIES OUTLINE OUTPUT OTHER INPUT

(mm) METHOD
48 – 48<W>*48<H> R - Relay NON – NON – K/J/PT
3A/250 STANDARD
MT Series 72 – 72<W>*72<H> VAC SPDT mA – mA
RS - RS-485
Fuzzy+PID 96 – 96<W>*96<H> V - Voltage V – 0-10 V
DC12V/50 CT – Current
Controller 4896 – 48<W>*96<H> mA Transmitter VR – Variable
Resistance
20 – 48<W>*96<H> L – Linear S – PV Resender
4-20mA
21 – 96<W>*48<H>
PRODUCT OVERVIEW

 Artificial Intelligence<AI> Control

Fuzzy + PID Control

 Enhanced Auto-tuning Method

AT Bias Value Settable

 Multi-Input Type
K/J/PT Selectable

 Alarm Function
15 Modes Selectable

 RUN/STOP Function
Operated on The Panel Easily

 Communication Function
RS-485 Optioned
 GENERAL SPECIFICATION &
CHARACTERISTICS
Power Supply Sensor Input
90-265 VAC 50/60 Hz K/J/PT-100 ohm
Power Consumption selectable
5VA (max) Control Output
Alarm Output Relay-3A/250VAC SPDT
3A/250VAC SPDT Voltage-12V/50mA
Linear-4-20mA;Load-
600Ohm(max)
GENERAL SPECIFICATION &
CHARACTERISTICS(Cont.)
 Sensor Input(Cont.)
K Type Thermocouple J Type Thermocouple
 Consisting Nickel-  Has Smaller Temperature
Chromium / Nickel- Range & A Shorter
Alumel Lifespan at Higher
 Inexpensive, Accurate, Temperatures Than The
Reliable, & Has A Wide Type K
Temperature Range  Equivalent to The Type K
 Maximum continuous in Terms of Expense and
temperature is around Reliability
1,100C.  Well Suited To Oxidizing
Atmospheres
 4-20mA Current Loops
• Every element in the loop either provides
voltage or has a voltage drop
• The current is same everywhere in the loop
and this is the critical principle of the 4-20 mA
loop
• 5 components of a 4-2 mA loops: Sensor,
Transmitter, Power Supply, Loop, Receiver
• sensor measures a process variable
• Transmitter convert sensor measurement into
a current signal, between four and twenty
milliamps
 4-20mA Current Loops(Cont.)
• Power supply voltage must be at least 10%
greater than the total voltage drop of the
attached components
• Need a loop among the sensor to the device
receiving the 4-20 mA signal and then back to the
transmitter
• Current signal must be translated into units that
can be easily understood by operators
• The current signal is received and interpreted by
a Receiver
4-20mA Current
Loops(Cont.)
4-20mA Current Loop Diagram
 Power supply voltage must be at
least 10% greater than the total
voltage drop of the attached
components

 Need a loop among the sensor to

the device receiving the 4-20 mA
signal and then back to the
transmitter

 Current signal must be translated

into units that can be easily
understood by operators

 The current signal is received and

interpreted by a Receiver
SPDT SWITCH SPDT switch circuit

• Single Pole Double Throw Switch

• Has three terminals. One common

pin and two pins which vie for
connection to the common

• Great for selecting between two

power sources, swapping inputs
and whenever two circuits trying
to go one place
SPDT Slide Switch