• 18th century as a means of promoting government interests

• 19th century described as modern journalism

• Scandalous
• Style and form changed to suit new approaches
• Anything unexpected and dramatic
• Bad news is always good news
• Elitism
• Relevance
• Continuity
• Personalization
• Identification of Audience
 TABLOID
A2 folded to A3
Popular of Gutter Press
Sensation
Entertainment value
Headlines are in bold print and may
extend across whole page and are often
capitalized
Paragraphs are usually only a few lines
Typographical features are varied
BROADSHEET
A1 folded to A2
Serious or Quality Press
Information
Factual presentation of truth
Headlines are usually two columns; print
tends to be smaller; Front page headlines
can be an exemption
Paragraphs are longer demanding reader
concentration and time
Typographical features are standard
 TABLOID
Punctuation is used sparingly
Commas are omitted; Inverted commas are Use of dashes are less frequent
used for indirect speech; dashes mark
parentheses
Alliterative patterning is used to make text
memorable
Sentence structure is often simple or
compound; long sentences are kept away
from the beginning; paragraphs are
usually composed of one or two sentences;
word order can change
Co-ordinators are in the initial position
BROADSHEET
Punctuation is used traditionally and more
formally
Rhetorical patterning is more complex
Sentence structure is varied to sustain
reader interest; Paragraphs may consist of
one, two, or three sentences
Co-ordinators are less commonly found in
the initial position; Cohesion is created
through referencing and lexical repetition
rather than conjunctions
 TABLOID
Adverbials at the start of the sentences
change the focus to maintain interest
Modifiers are common and few stand
alone. Pre-modification is more common
than post-modification; Description is vivid
Lexis is inventive and emphatic; the tone is
informal and colloquialisms are common;
Compounds are created to attract
attention; Puns are common
The angle adopted is usually human
BROADSHEETS
Adverbials are used in a variety of
positions, depending on emphasis
Modifiers are used to provide accurate
detail; Post-modification is equally common
as pre-modification
Lexis is more specific, formal, and
restrained. Vivid, dramatic lexis is not used
merely to sensationalize
The angle adopted tends to be more
factual
• Middle-Market Paper and Compact
• Ideology or Point of View
• Referential and Entertainment Functions
• Community Bulletin
• Influential Function
• Headlines
• Main headline
• Strapline/Overline
• Sub-headline
• Headlines should be simple, easily readable, appropriate
• Affected by the ideas to be expressed, kind of readers, house
style
• Lexis: Connotations and Point of View
• Use of Noun Phrases
• Telegraphic structure
• Use of Passive Voice
• Double meanings
• LOCAL MAN FINDS PICASSO DRAWING IN SHED
• 10-YEAR-OLD SUSPENDED BY HEAD
• IRA BOMB GUTS FACTORY
• Influence of the target audience
• Broadsheets and compacts use formal lexis
• Tabloids use informal lexis
• Formality demands more concentration
• Short and simple sentences enable a chatty
approach