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By G. Lukumay
Introduction
• Burns are the second leading cause of
accidental deaths in childhood
• The highest incidence of burns occurs in
children younger than 5 years
• Children at high risk are those of lower
social economic status and of single
parent.
• However, any child, supervised or
unsupervised, is at risk for a burn injury.
Definition
• A burn is an acute traumatic event caused by
non persisting injurious insult to the skin and
tissues that cause damage at the cellular level,
followed by a healing process ( Rice PL, et al
2012 ).The insult could be thermal, chemical,
or electrical
Review of Anatomy and physiology of
the skin
• The skin is the largest organ of the body,
accounting for about 15% of the total adult body
weight.
• It performs many vital functions, including
protection against external physical, chemical,
and biologic assailants, as well as prevention of
excess water loss from the body.
• Plays a role in thermoregulation.
• The skin is continuous, with the mucous
membranes lining the body’s surface (Kanitakis,
2002).
Layers of the skin
Pathophysiology of burn
• The pathophysiology of the burn wound is
characterized by an inflammatory reaction leading
to rapid oedema formation, due to increased
microvascular permeability, vasodilation and
increased extravascular osmotic activity.