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1
ACIDS IN DAILY LIFE
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WHAT IS AN ACID ?
Arrhenius
The Relationship between
H+ and H3O+ :
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MONOPROTIC ACID
Examples : HCl , HNO3
Diprotic Acid
Examples : H2SO4
Examples of alkalis :
Acid Alkali
Pure acid / acid in organic Pure alkali in the
solvent consists of
covalent molecules only. dry state does not
H+ is not present. exhibit alkaline
Example: properties - No
hydroxide ions.
Dry/glacial ethanoic acid,
Ethanoic acid in
propanone
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Chemical Properties of Acid
acid + base Acid + Metal →
salt + water Salt + Hydrogen Acid + carbonate →
Salt + water +
H2SO4 + ZnO → 2HCl + Mg → carbon dioxide
ZnSO4 + H2O MgCl2 + H2
2HCl + CaCO3 →
CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Burning
wooden
Splinter
Alkali Lime
acid water
Acid Acid
Calcium
Metal carbonate
Chemical Properties of Alkali
Red
litmus
paper
Alkali ammonia
Ionises
completely in Ionises partially in
Ionises partially in Ionises completely
water - high water - low
water - low in water - high
concentration of concentration of
concentration of concentration of
hydrogen ions. hydrogen ions.
hydroxide ions hydroxide ions.
Eg: HCl, HNO3 , Eg: Ethanoic acid,
Eg: ammonia, NH3 Eg: NaOH, KOH
H2SO4 CH3COOH
CONCENTRATION ???????
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CONCENTRATION OF ACIDS & ALKALIS
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
CONCENTRATION AND MOLARITY
÷ molar mass
concentration Molarity
(g dm-3) (mol dm-3)
x molar mass
MV_
No. of mol
1000
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PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTIONS
A solution in which
its concentration is
accurately known is
called standard
solution.
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DILUTION OF SOLUTION
90 cm3
distilled water
added
M1V1 = M2V2
M1 = Molarity of original solution / mol dm-3
V1 = Volume of original solution / cm3
M2 = Molarity of the diluted solution / mol dm-3
V2 = Volume of original solution + volume of water added /cm3
NEUTRALISATION – ACID BASE TITRATION
Acid
Alkali
+ phenolphthalein
Pink Colourless
Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
End point – the point in the titration at which the indicators changes
colour.
Colour in medium
Indicator
Alkali Neutral Acid
Methyl orange Yellow Orange Red
Phenolphthalein Pink Colourless Colourless
BALANCE THE EQUATION FOR THE
NEUTRALISATION REACTION BELOW
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DO YOU KNOW THAT
NEUTRALISATION IS USED IN OUR
DAILY LIFE ???
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ACID-BASE TITRATION