LARINGITIS
LARINGITIS
Laryngitis is a medical condition
characterized by inflammation of the
larynx (vocal cords), which causes
hoarseness and loss of sound.
– PREDISPOSITION FACTORS
1. Changes in weather
temperature.
2. Poor nutrition / nutrition mall.
3. Alcohol abuse
4. Achievement of excessive sound
(ex; teacher, emcee, singer, etc.)
SUPPORTING INVESTIGATION
Some of the supporting examinations that can be
carried out are:
1. Laryngoscopy, which shows the presence of
swollen and reddish vocal cords
2. Exudate culture in more severe cases of
/ laryngitis
3. Biopsy, which is usually done in patients with
chronic laryngitis with a history of smoking or
alcohol dependence
4. CBC laboratory examination (complete blood
cell count)
5. Chest X-ray examination of severe signs and
symptoms
 LARINGITIS
Management of acute laryngitis:
1. General care
Talk and speak for 2-3 days. b. Corticeroeroids are given to treat laryngeal
It is recommended to breathe moist air. edema.
Avoid irritation of the larynx and pharynx, such as smoking, 3. Surgical therapy
spicy food or cold drinks.
Depends on the stage of laryngeal obstruction.
ACUTE LARINGITIS Patients can seek medical treatment. Unless there are signs
of airway obstruction, patients must be treated especially
In children if symptoms of airway obstruction
occur according to Jackson's classification,
THERAPY in children.
therapy is carried out as follows:
2. Special care
- Stage I: Take care, observation, giving O2 and
Medical therapy:
adequate therapy.
a. Antibodic penicillin group
- Stage II-III: Tracheostomy
Children 50 mg / kg are divided into 3 doses
- Stage IV: Intubation and oxygenation, then
Adults 3 x 500 mg per day
followed by tracheostomy.
If allergic to penicillin can be given erythrocine or bactrim.
 LARINGITIS

For chronic laryngits, the treatment

CHRONIC LARINGITIS includes resting the voice, eliminating
THERAPY any primary respiratory tract infections
that may exist, and limiting smoking.
The use of topical corticosteroids, such
as inhalation of beclomethasone
dipropionate (vanceril), can be used
(Smeltzer, 2009: 551).
ETIOLOGY OF LARINGITIS

ACUTE LARINGITIS CHRONIC LARINGITIS

– Bacteria that cause local – Caused by chronic sinusitis, severe
inflammation or viruses that cause septal deviation, nasal polyps or
systemic inflammation. It is usually chronic bronchitis. Usually also
an expansion of inflammation of caused by vocal abuse such as
the upper respiratory tract by the screaming or talking loudly.
bacteria Haemophilus Influenza,
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
and Pneumonia.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF 
LARINGITIS
ACUTE LARINGITIS
– inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa and CHRONIC LARINGITIS
vocal cords lasting less than 3 weeks.
Parainfluenza virus, which is the most
– Chronic laryngitis can occur after
common cause of laryngitis, enters through repeated acute laryngitis, and can
inhalation and infects cells from ciliated local
airway epithelium, characterized by edema of
also be caused by chronic urinary
the lamina propia, submucosa, and tract disease, smoking, constant
adventitia, followed by channel infusion with exposure to irritants, and excessive
histocytes, lymphocytes, plasma cells and
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). alcohol consumption.
Swelling and redness occur from the involved
airways. Most are found on the lateral wall of
the trachea under the vocal cords. Because
the subglottic trachea is surrounded by
cricoid cartilages, swelling occurs in the
lumen of the deep airway, making it narrow,
even to a gap.
 SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF 
LARINGITIS
ACUTE LARINGITIS
– Symptoms of general inflammation, such as
fever, malaise, rhinopharyngeal symptoms,
cough accompanied by pulmonary sounds until
no sound at all (afoni). Symptoms that initially
arise are dryness in the throat, pain when
swallowing or talking. Often accompanied by a
dry cough and over time there will be a cough
with thick phlegm. In advanced conditions
often cause symptoms of obstruction of the
upper airway to cyanosis. This often occurs in
children. On laryngoscopic examination, the
laryngeal mucosa appears to be weak and
swollen. The vocal cord movement is not
disturbed unless there is edema in the vocal
cords. Usually there are also signs of acute
inflammation in the nose or paranasal or
pulmonary sinuses.
CHRONIC LARINGITIS
– Permanent hoarseness changes
throughout the day, but is most
severe in the morning accompanied
by a feeling of being stuck in the
throat so that it often clears without
releasing secretions because the
mucosa is thickened
– On examination the mucosa appears
thickened, the surface is uneven and
hyperemic.
– If there is an area suspected of
resembling a tumor, a biopsy needs to
be done.
 TUBERCOLOGICAL 
LARINGITICS
ETIOLOGY
– Caused by pulmonary tuberculosis.
Often after being treated, the
tuberculosis is cured, but the
tuberculosis laryngitis persists. This
happens because the mucous structure
of the larynx is very attached to the
sertavaskularization cartilage which is
not as good as the lung, so that if the
infection has hit the cartilage the
treatment is done longer.
PATHOGENESIS
– Germ infection to the larynx can occur
through respiratory air, sputum
containing germs, or spread through
the bloodstream or lymph.
– Can cause circulation disorders.
Edema can occur in the interaritenoid
fossa, then to arytenoid, vocal plica,
ventricular plaque, epiglottis, to
subglottic.
 TUBERCOLOGICAL 
LARINGITICS
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE
1. infiltration stage: at this stage the laryngeal
mucosa is pale because the posterior 2. ulceration stage: the ulcer that
laryngeal mucosa that initially undergoes arises at the end of the infiltration
swelling and hyperemesis. sometimes the stage enlarges (the ulcer is shallow,
vocal cords are also affected. the base is covered by the nose,
then in the submucosa area tubercles are feels very painful by the patient)
formed, so that the mucosa is uneven,
bluish-colored spots appear. the tubercle
enlarges and several adjacent tubercles
unite, so that the mucosa above it
stretches. consequently can cause rupture
and ulcers
 TUBERCOLOGICAL 
LARINGITICS
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE

3. pericondritis stage: the ulcer gets 4. fibrotuberculosis stage: formation

deeper, so that it affects the laryngeal of fibrotuberculosis on the
cartilage (most often: eritenoid posterior wall, vocal cords and
cartilage and epiglottis)consequently
subglotics
damage to the cartilage occurs, so
that smelly pus forms and the process
will continue and sequester formation
– at this stage the patient's condition is
very bad and can die.
 TUBERCOLOGICAL 
LARINGITICS
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS
Depending on the stage, besides that there
Based on
are additional symptoms:
1. Dry, hot and depressed feeling in the
– history
larynx area – symptoms and clinical examination
2. Raucous sounds last for weeks, while at
– laboratory
an advanced stage afoni can occur
3. Hemoptysis – chest x-ray
4. More intense pain when swallowing – direct / indirect laryngoscopy
5. General condition is bad – anatomic pathology examination
6. On lung examination there is an active
process
 TUBERCOLOGICAL 
LARINGITICS
THERAPY

– Anti-tuberculosis drugs
– Break the sound
 LARINGITIS

PROGNOSIS COMPLICATIONS
– Inflammation of the severe larynx can
– Acute laryngitis is usually mild and cause airway obstruction and is life-
threatening, requiring immediate
can heal itself in 2-4 weeks.
intervention to ensure airway patency.
However, there are several factors
For chronic laryngitis, symptoms of
that can aggravate diseases such as
laryngeal irritation can reduce quality
comorbid diabetes mellitus which
of life, affect psychology, and hinder
can increase the risk of need for work if not handled properly.
airway intervention.