HYDROSPHERE

WHAT IS HYDROSPHERE?

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C l i c k h e r e t o a d d t h e t e x t , t h e t e x t i s t h e e x t r a c t i o n
o f y o u r t h o u g h t 。
 HYDROSPHERE
 The totality of water surrounding the
earth comprising all the bodies of water,
ice and water vapor in the atmosphere
water held in oceans ,river, lake, glaciers,
ground water, soil and air.
Hydrosphere from greek hydor “water”
and sphaira “sphere” in Physical
geography describes the combined mass of
water found on, underand over the surface
of a planet.
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C l i c k h e r e t o a d d t h e t e x t , t h e t e x t i s t h e e x t r a c t i o n
o f y o u r t h o u g h t 。
 The total mass of the earth's hyrosphere is about 1.4 x
1018 tonnes,which is about 0.023% of the earth's total
mass about 20 x 1012 tonnes of this is in the earth
atmosphere ( the volume of one tonne of water is
appoximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 75% of
the earth's surface, an area of some 361 million
square kilometres( 139.5 million square miles) is cover
by ocean.
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C l i c k h e r e t o a d d t h e t e x t , t h e t e x t i s t h e e x t r a c t i o n
o f y o u r t h o u g h t 。
 OTHER HYDROSPHERE
 A thick hydrosphere is thought to exist around the jovian moon Europa.
EUROPA is the sixth closest to the planet of all 79 known moons of Jupiter.
It is also the sixth-largest moon in the solar system. Europa was discover in
1610 by Galileo Galilei.
The outer layer of this hydrosphere is almost entirely ice, but current
models predict that there is an ocean up to 100km in depth uderneath the
ice.
This ocean remains in a liquid form because of Tidal flexing of
the moon in its orbit around Jupiter.
 HYDROLOGICAL
 Insolation, or energy (in the form of heat and light)
from the sun, provides the energy necessary to
cause evaporation from all wet surfaces including
oceans, rivers, lakes, soil and the leaves of
vegetaion and from humans and other animals.
ZONE
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EPIPELAGIC ZONE
The surface layer of the ocean is known as the epipelagic
zone and extends from the surface 200 meters.
 It also known as the sunlight zone because this is where
most of the visible light exist. With the light come heat.
 This heat is responsible for the wide range of
temperature that occur in this zone.
MESOPELAGIC ZONE
 Below the epipelagic zone is the mesopelagic zone,extending from
200 meters (656 feets) to 1000 meters (3281 feet).
 The mesopelagic zone sometimes referred to as the twilight zone
or the midwater zone. The light that penetrates to this depth is
extremly faint.
 It is in this zone that we begin to see the twinkling light of
bioluminescent creatures. A great diversity of strange and bizarre
fishes can be found here.
 Animals that live in the twilight zone must be able to sur vive cold
temperature an increase in water pressure and dark waters.
BATHYPELAGIC ZONE
 It is sometimes referred to as the midnight zone or the dark zone.

 This zone extended from 1000 meters (3281 feet) down to 4000 meters
(13,124 feet).

 Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themeselve.
The water pressure at this depth is immense reaching 5850 pound per
square inch. In spite of the pressure, a surprisingly large number
ofcreatures can be found.

 Sperm whale can dive down to this level in search of food. Most of
animals that live at these depths are black or red in color due to the
lack of light.
 ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE
 It extends from 4000 meters to 6000 meters.
 The name comes from greek word meaning“no bottom”
 The water temperature is near freezing and these is no light at all
ver y few creature can be found at these crushing depths.
 Most of these are interbrates such a basket star and tiny squids.
Three quarter of the ocean floor lies within this zone. The deepest
fish ever discovered was found in the Puerto Rico Trench.
HADALPELAGIC ZONE
 This layer extend from 6000 meters to the bottom of the deepest
parts of the ocean.
 The deepest point in the ocean is located in the Mariana Trench
off the coast of Japan at (35,797 feet).
 The temperature of the water is just about freezing and the
temperature is incredible 8 tons per square inch. In spite of the
pressure and temperature life can still be found here.
inverterbrates such as starfish and tube worm can thrive at these
depths.
WHAT IS GROUNDWATER?

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GROUNDWATER
Groundwater is water that has drained through surface layer
of soil and rock until it reaches layer of rock material through
which it cannot pass, or can pass only very slowly.
This results in the accumulation of water in the rock layer
above this impermeable layer. The water is stored in gaps in
the rock, or between the particles of which the rock is
composed. Rock which retails water in this way is called an
aquifer.
 HISTORY OF
HYDROSPHERE
FORMATION