UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ARCHITECTURE
Bachelor of Architecture
Architecture Design-I

Elements of Architecture Design DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

Architecture
Design
Elements

Course Outcome
CO Title Level
Number

CO1 To study the elements of Architecture Design Understand

https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D
CO2 To understand the concept of design elements in Understand
Architecture.
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What makes something visually
appealing?
The way in which elements (your ingredients) and your principles (the way in
which you prepare those ingredients) are arranged.

The Elements of Design

Why are These Elements Important to
Design?
The elements of design are the fundamental building blocks of any composition.
These pieces work together to form a unified composition, and when utilized
successfully, create a strong, dynamic visual layout.

The designer uses these elements as tools that control how a message is
delivered to an audience.

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Elements of Design
Line

Space

Shape

Form

Texture

Color
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LINE
• One of most important element of design, line defines a
subjectʼs form or shape on a flat, two-dimensional
surface.
• Line sets form and shape.
• Line can be used to show movement and guides the eye
throughout a room.
• Line can be used to show mood.
• Combining lines and placing them in a design in certain ways
can create specific effects and feelings.
• Different types of lines have different effects on design.
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LINE TYPES

• Vertical-Represents dignity, formality, stability and

strength.

• Horizontal-Represents calm, peace and relaxation.

• Diagonal-Represents action, activity, excitement and

movement.

• Curved- Represents freedom, the natural, having the

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VERTICAL LINES

 Lead the eye up

 Adding height
 Formality
 Growth
 Grandeur
 strength to a design
 Can be seen in:
 Tall furniture
 Columns & Pillars
 Striped wallpaper
 Long narrow This drawing room displays the use of vertical line. The
draperies example that stands out the most in this image is the glass
window. Vertical line is also shown in the columns.
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HORIZONTAL LINES

 Lead the eye from left

to right & vice-versa
 Calm
 Peace
 Restfulness
 Can be seen in:
 Long, low roofs
 Long, low furniture
pieces such as sofas.
Horizontal lines can make buildings, rooms, and
furniture seem wider and shorter.
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Horizontal lines
depicts calm,
peace, and
relaxation
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 DIAGONAL LINES

 Diagonal lines
suggest
 action
 activity
 excitement
 a sense of speed
 Can be seen in:
 Staircases
 Cathedral ceilings
 Gable Roofs

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 CURVE LINES
Curved lines add a softening, graceful
effect to designs.

The dynamic nature of curved lines creates

drama and movement in room with a
staircase 12
LINES THAT DON’T EXIST PHYSICALLY YET
ARE PERCEIVED

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Space

• Space, in two-dimensional design, is essentially flat.

• It has height and width, but no depth.
• Space is the area provided for a particular purpose.
• It may have two dimensions (length and width) such as a floor, or it may
have three dimensions (length, width, and height), such as a room or
dwelling.
• When space changes gradually, it is more pleasing than when it changes abruptly.
• Enlarging or reducing visual space
Types
-Open
-Unused
-Cramped
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Space
Space can be defined as positive or negative.
• Positive space is the filled space, the object(s) or
element(s) in the design.
• Negative space is the empty space, or the open space
between design elements or objects, such as a
background.

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Space

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Shape

• Shape (2D)- Shape is a flat image with two dimensions: Length and
Width.
• It refers to the nature of an enclosure, actual or implied, formed by a
line/curve on a flat surface.
• Examples of "shape" in this context include "a geometric shape" (eg
square), "organic shape" (flower-shaped object).

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Shape has size, which may have
significance or insignificance,
strength or weakness.

A coloured shape on a white

back-ground is itself a positive
shape creating a negative
shape (the background)

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Form
Form (3D)- the shape and structure of something as distinguished
from its substance or material

• Form is the outlined edges of a three-dimensional object.

• Form is also defined by light and dark.
• It can be defined by the presence of shadows on surfaces or faces
of an object.
• There are two types of form, geometric (man-made) and natural
(organic form).
• Form may be created by the combining of two or more shapes.
• It may be enhanced by tone, texture and color.
• It has volume and mass
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Example of Form

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Textures
• It is the surface quality or
appearance of an object.
• Texture can be used to enhance a
room’s features or provide added
dimension.
• The element of texture is defined
as “the feel, appearance, or
consistency of a surface.”

Types
• Visual Texture
• Actual Texture
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Texture may be :
• rough/smooth,
• wet/dry,
• hard/soft,
• shiny/matte (dull),
• slick/sticky,
• slippery/abrasive,
• coarse/porous ...

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 Color

• Color is the key element of interior

design.
• It is used to create aesthetically
pleasing combinations and also
works on a psychological level.
• It can give emphasis to create a
hierarchy and the piece of art
• Each color has three
characteristics: hue, value, and
intensity.

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• Hue is the name of a color.
• Red, green and blue-violet are
examples of hues.
• A color may be lightened or
darkened, brightened or dulled,
but the hue will remain the same.

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• Primary colors: are hues from which all other Types of Color
colors can be made: red, yellow, blue.
• Secondary colors : are made from mixing
equal parts of the Primary colors: orange,
green, violet.
• Tertiary colors : are those colors between
Primary and Secondary colors: yellow-orange,
red-orange, etc.
• Complementary colors : are colors that are
opposite each other on the color wheel: red-
green, orange-blue, yellow-violet.
• Analogous colors are colors that are adjacent
(side by side) to each other on the color
wheel.
• Monochromatic colors : are variations in value
of one color by adding either white to make
tints or black to make shades. 26
 THANK YOU

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