The Evolution of Philippine

Politics, Government, and

Governance
1.Barangay
2.Spanish Colonization
3.American Colonization
4.Japanese Colonization
5.Martial Law
6.Democratic
 Barangay
When the first Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in
the 16th century, they found the well-organized
independent villages called BARANGAY
BARANGAY- originated from the Malay word barangay
that means “sailboat”
Composes of small communities of around 50 to 100
families.
DATU- has the highest authority.
 Spanish Colonization
 Composed of two branches ; EXECUTIVE and JUDICIAl
 There was no legislative branch since the laws of islands were
coming from the Spain.
 GOVERNOR GENERAL- has the highest authority and
representative of Spain and the king himself. Has the power to
implement laws.
 ENCOMIENDA- are the provinces in the islands
 ENCOMIENDEROS- governed the Encomienda and was later
replaced by ALCALDE MAYOR.
 ALCALDE MAYOR- had both executive and judicial power, collects
taxes and was suggested to establish a business because of it’s
limited salary.
1886- executive power were abolished but their
judicial powers remain.
Small towns were governed by “GOBERNADORCILLO”
GOBERNADORCILLO- was chosen by the married
people but later on Gobernadorcillo was chosen by
those outgoing in the position as his replacement .
CITY- governed by 2 mayors ; 12 councilors ; and a
police chief ; a secretary ; and other employees. City
was also known as “AYUNTAMIENTO”
 American Colonization
 1898- The Americans defeated Spain so they began to rule the
country.
 Then the Filipino started a war with Americans because they
don’t want another colonial ruler . It is led by a nationalists
EMILIO AGUINALDO.

 There are three kinds of government;

1.Military government
2.Civil government
3.Commonwealth government
 Military Government
1st government established by the Americans.
Established because of existence of war.
MILITARY GOVERNORS- has the highest authority
General Wesley Meritt, General Elwell Otis, and
General Arthur McArthur are the persons who
became military governor.
 Civil Government
Inagurated in the July 04, 1901
CIVIL GOVERNOR- has the highest authority
and was later changed by “Governor-General”
in February 06, 1905 by judge H. William Taft.
 Commonwealth Government
 Inagurated in March 24, 1934
 Aso known as TYDINGS MCDUFFLE LAW
 Serves as transition government in the preparation for the
Philippine independence
 The Independence proclaimed in July 04, 1946
 On November 15, 1935 was the first national election
 This government functioned in exile during World War II in
Washington DC and reestablished in Manila in the year 1945.
 Japanese Colonization
 At the outset of the occupation, the Japanese government
established a military administration over the Philippines
 KALIBAPI- ( Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) the
Philippine Executive Commision , composed of several pre-war
Filipino political leaders .
 They are designed to be the sole and exclusive political
organization in the Philippines.
 On June 16, 1943 , Premier Hideki Tojo promised the
independence to the Philippines.
 The KALIBAPI would then form the Preparatory Committee on
the Phiippine Independence (PCPI).
 The new constitution was approved by PCPI on September
04, 1943 and ratified by KALIBAPI on September 07, 1943.
 Jose P. Laurel was elected as the President on October 14,
1943, in ceremonies in front of the legislative Building in
Manila and the new Republic was inaugurated.
 On September 21, 1944 , President Laurel proclaimed Martial
Law in the Philippines and proclaimed that the country is in
a state of war with the Allied Powers in September 23, 1944.
 In a large part , Japanese disappointments led to the
Republic under Laurel being superseded by the Makapili
 Laurel formally dissolved the second Republic on August 17,
1945, two days after Japan surrended to the Allies.
 Many officials who served in the Philippine Executive
Commision, the second Republic and it’s various agencies
were changed with treason but received an amnesty from
President Manuel Roxas from January 28, 1948.
 Martial Law
 In September 1972 Marcos declared martial law, claiming that it was the
last defense against the rising disorder caused by increasingly violent
student demonstrations, the alleged threats of communist insurgency by
the new Communist Party of the Philippines and the Muslim separatist
movement of Moro Nationa iberation Front (MNLF).
 The regime was able to reduce violent urban crime, collect unregistered
firearms, and suppress communist insurgency in some areas.
 The consolidation of political and economic control by Marcos , his family
and close associates grew during the 1970’s .
Despite growth in the country’s gross national
product, workers’ real income dropped , few farmers
benefited from and reform and the sugar industry
was in confusion.
The government was forced to borrow large sums
from the international banking community. Also
troubling to the regime , reports of widespread
corruption began to surface with increasing
frequency.
 Democratic State
 The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of
government wherein power is equally divided among it’s three
branches; EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE , and JUDICIAL .
 The government seeks to act in the best interests of it’s citizens
through this system of check and balance.
 The Philippine is a democratic and republican state and
sovereignty resides in the people and a government authority
emanated from them.
 LEgisations belongs to Congress, execution beongs to the
Executive, and the settlement of legal controversies to the
Judiciary.
 The legislative branch is authorized to make laws, later and
repeal them through the power of vested in the Philippine
Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate and the
house of Representatives and several agencies that provide
support services to Congress.
 Senate is composed of 24 Senators .
 The house of Representatives is composed of about 250
members.
 The Party-List Representatives shall constitute twenty percent
of the total number of Representatives including those under
the party-list.
 Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice
President who are elected by direct popuar vote and serve a
six years term.
 This branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the
President , Vice President , the Cabinet, executive
departments, independent agencies, boards, commissions,
and committees.
 The President leads the country. He or she is the Commander-
in-Chief of all armed forces.
 The Vice President supports the President.
 Cabinet members serves as the advisors to the President.
Judiciary branch is the scale of justice and holds the
power to sette controversies involving rights that are
legally demanded and enforceable .
It aso interpret the meaning of laws, applies laws to
individual cases and decides of laws violates the
constitution.
Each branch of government can change acts of the
other braches.
Jhanyn Buizon
Allen Zambrano
Janine Bonus
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