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PLANNINGS
HUMAN BEINGS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Man is a SOCIAL ANIMAL
There is a gradual socialization in the pattern of living
which allow the whole population to participate more
and more in the city, facilities and resources
Then in the modern city growth and change over time is
dominant feature which must take precedence in all
planning consideration.
But human settlements have always been created by
man’s moving in space and defining the boundaries of his
territorial interest and therefore of his settlements,
for which he later created a physical and institutional
structure;
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Based on sizes- size of five elements & their
combinations Hamlet to Metropolitan cities Small &
sparsely spaced (rural settlements or villages specializing
in agriculture & other primary activities) Large & closely
spaced (urban settlements specializing in secondary &
tertiary activities)
Based on Location of Settlements- plains, mountains,
coastal, etc. Based on Relationships between
Settlements within Space (hierarchical or non-
hierarchical) Based on Physical Forms- form as the
expression of content, function, & structure Based on
Five Elements of Human Settlements
Based on Functions- which are important to an
understanding of the meaning & role of settlements:
Reveal nature, specialisation, & raison d’etre of
settlements Based on activity (economic, social), their
performance, or special role (as dormitories, retirement
villages, etc.)
Based on Time Dimension- age of settlements, their
place in continuum (past, present, future), their relative
static or dynamic character, the whole process of their
growth
Based on degree of society’s conscious involvement in
settlements creation natural & planned settlements
BY EKISTICS UNITS: FOUR BASIC GROUPS
Minor shells or elementary units- man (anthropos), room,
house;
Micro-settlements- units smaller than, or as small as, the
traditional town where people used , do & still do achieve
interconnection by walking (housegroup, small neighbourhood).
Meso-settlements- between traditional town & conurbation
within which one can commute daily (small polis, polis, small
metropolis, small megalopolis, small eperopolis, eperopolis);
and
Macro-settlement-swhose largest possible expression is the
Ecumenopolis.
Physical & Social Units
Man (as individual)- smallest unit
Space- second unit either personally owned or shared with
others
Family Home- third unit Social Unit
Group of Homes
BY EKISTICS ELEMENTS
Nature: Represents ecosystems including water cycle,
biosystems, climatic zones, etc.
Anthropos: Constantly adapting & changing certain
physical & psychological diseases directly associated with
urbanisation. These include obesity, respiratory elements
& alienation.
Society: Realm of society comprises all those aspects of
the urban or rural scene that are commonly dealt with by
sociologists, economists & administrators: population
trends, social customs, income & occupations, & the
system of urban government.
Shells: The built environment is the traditional domain
of architectural & engineering professions.
Networks: Provide glue for all systems of urbanisation.
Changes profoundly affect urban scale like advent of the
rail-road, or of piped water supplies, or of the telephone
which affect the extent, texture & densities 22 of
human settlements.
BY EVOLUTIONARY PHASES
Macro scale- nomadic, agricultural, urban, urban-
industrial;
Micro scale- specific area at a limited period of time.
BY FACTORS & DISCIPLINES
CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENTS
permanency
method of creation
water supply:
Usually rural settlements are located near water bodies
such as rivers, lakes, and springs where water can be
easily obtained.
The need for water drives people to settle in islands
surrounded by swamps or low lying river banks.
Water supply is main factor because water is used for
drinking, cooking and washing, rivers and lakes can be
used to irrigate farm land, water bodies also have fish
which can be caught for diet and navigable rivers and
lakes can be used for transportation.
LAND
Double village:
These settlements extend on both sides of a river where there
is a bridge or a ferry.
RESOURCE BASED SETTLEMENTS
What is an occupation?
An activity or group of activities that engages a
person in everyday life, has personal meaning
and provides structure to time. Occupations are
seen by the individual as part of his / her
identity and may be categorised as self care,
productivity and / or leisure
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OCCUPATION