Tuples

Problem
A hospital has received a set of lab reports. Totally five tests
are conducted in the lab and the report is prepared. The
report consist of name of the test and the value observed for
that particular patient. Given the details of a test made for a
patient, write an algorithm and the subsequent Python
program to print if the test result is normal or not normal by
referring the values in Table 1. Since the value is sensitive,
provide a mechanism so that the values do not get altered.
Name of the Minimum Maximum
Test Value Value

Test1 20 30
Test2 35.5 40
Test3 12 15
Test4 120 150
Test5 80 120
 PAC For Lab Test Problem
Input Processing Output

Test name and a pair of Check if the Print ‘Normal’

values indicating the observed value is or ‘Abnormal’
minimum and the in the range of
maximum value for the permissible values
five tests for the test and

Name of the test and the print ‘Normal’ or

value observed ‘Abnormal’

 Pseudocode LabTest Problem

FOR i =0 to 5
READ test_Namei
READ minimumi
READ maximumi
Map test_Namei to minimumi and maximumi
READ test_Name_Chk
READ observed_Value
END_FOR
 IF observed_Value>min of test_Name_Chk
and observed_Value <max of test_Name_Chk
THEN
PRINT ‘Normal’
ELSE
PRINT ‘Abnormal’
END IF

Store the values such that it is not getting modified

 We Already Know
• To read values
• Map a value to another - Dictionary
• Print Values
• Form a pair of values – List – But the values can
be changed
•Yet to learn about pairing values that cannot be
modified
Tuples
Sequence of immutable Python objects
Tuples cannot be changed like lists and tuples use
parentheses, whereas lists use square brackets.
Creating a tuple is as simple as putting different
comma-separated values.

Optionally you can put these comma-separated

values between parentheses also.
For example −
tup1 = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 );
tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d";
empty tuple −
tup1 = ();
To write a tuple containing a single value you have to
include a comma −
a = (50) # an integer
tup1 = (50,); # tuple containing an integer
tuple indices start at 0
print ("tup1[0]: ", tup1[0]) # print physics
print ("tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]) # print (2,3,4,5)
Tuples in Action

>>> (1, 2) + (3, 4) # Concatenation

(1, 2, 3, 4)

>>> (1, 2) * 4 # Repetition

(1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)

>>> T = (1, 2, 3, 4) # Indexing, slicing

>>> T[0], T[1:3]

(1, (2, 3))
Sorted method in Tuples

>>> tmp = ['aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd']

>>> T = tuple(tmp) # Make a tuple from the list's items

>>> T

('aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd')

>>> sorted(T)

['aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd‘]

List comprehensions can also be used with tuples.

The following, for example, makes a list from a tuple,

adding 20 to each item along the way:

>>> T = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

>>> L = [x + 20 for x in T]
Equivalent to:
>>>L = []
>>>for x in T:
L.append(x+20)
>>> L
[21, 22, 23, 24, 25]
Index method can be used to find the position of
particular value in the tuple.

>>> T = (1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2)
>>> T.index(2) # Offset of first appearance of 2
1
>>> T.index(2, 2) # Offset of appearance after offset 2
3
>>> T.count(2) # How many 2s are there?
3
Nested Tuples
>>> T = (1, [2, 3], 4)
>>> T[1] = 'spam' # fails: can't change
tuple itself TypeError: object doesn't support item
assignment
>>> T[1][0] = 'spam'
# Works: can change mutables inside
>>> T
(1, ['spam', 3], 4)
>>> bob = ('Bob', 40.5, ['dev', 'mgr'])
# Tuple record
>>> bob
('Bob', 40.5, ['dev', 'mgr'])
>>> bob[0], bob[2] # Access by position
('Bob', ['dev', 'mgr'])
# Prepares a Dictionary record from tuple

>>> bob = dict(name='Bob', age=40.5, jobs=['dev',

'mgr'])

>>> bob
{'jobs': ['dev', 'mgr'], 'name': 'Bob', 'age': 40.5}

>>> bob['name'], bob['jobs'] # Access by key

('Bob', ['dev', 'mgr'])
Dictionary to Tuple
We can convert parts of dictionary to a tuple if
needed:
>>> tuple(bob.values()) # Values to tuple
(['dev', 'mgr'], 'Bob', 40.5)
>>> list(bob.items()) # Items to list of tuples
[('jobs', ['dev', 'mgr']), ('name', 'Bob'), ('age', 40.5)]
Using Tuples

Immutable which means you cannot update or

change the values of tuple elements

tup1 = (12, 34.56);

tup2 = ('abc', 'xyz');

# Following action is not valid for tuples

tup1[0] = 100;
You are able to take portions of existing tuples to
create new tuples as the following example
demonstrates

tup3 = tup1 + tup2;

print (tup3)
Delete Tuple Elements
Removing individual tuple elements is not possible
But possible to remove an entire tuple
tup = ('physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000);
print (tup)
del tup;
print ("After deleting tup : ")
print (tup)
Error
Basic Tuples Operations
Indexing, Slicing
If L = ('spam', 'Spam', 'SPAM!')
Built-in Tuple Functions
tuple1, tuple2 = (123, 'xyz'), (456, 'abc')
len(tuple1)
2
When we have numerical tuple:
t1 = (1,2,3,7,4)
max(t1) #prints 7
min(t1) #prints 7
Converts a list into a tuple

tuple(seq)

t2=tuple([2,4])
>>> t2
(2, 4)