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Power And Politics

What is Power?

POWER REFERS TO THE


POSSESSION OF
AUTHORITY AND
INFLUENCE OVER OTHERS .
Why is Power required?

1. Providing Direction.
2. Assisting in the management process.
3. Assisting to employees in performing better .
4. Articulate the goals.
Types of Power:

1. Coercive Power
2. Legitimate Power
3. Reward Power
4. Referent Power
5. Expert Power
Coercive Power:

 Coercive Power is the ability of a manager to


force an employee to follow an order by
threatening the employee with punishment if
the employee does not comply with the order.
Examples of Coercive Power:

 Demotions
 Pay cuts
 Terminations if employees don’t follow order
 Threats of write-ups
Legitimate Power:

 Legitimate power is power you derive from


your formal position or office held in the
organisation’s hierarchy of authority.
Example of Legitimate Power:

 The president of corporation has certain


powers because of the office he holds on the
organisation.
Reward Power:

 Reward power is simply the power of a


manager to give some type of reward to an
employee as a means to influence the
employee to act.
Examples of Reward Power

 Monetary awards
 Wage or salary increase
 Bonuses
 Praises, positive feedback
 Recognition
 A rise in status
Referent Power:

 Referent power is power of an individual over


the team or followers, based on a high level of
admiration and respect for the powerholder.
Example of Referent Power:

 Nationalism
 Patriotism
 Celebrities
 Mass leaders
 Widely respected people
Expert Power:

 Expert power is the power based upon the knowledge


and perception an individual has to a particular topic
of discussion. Specialized and high level skills make a
person an expert.
Examples of Expert Power:

 An Engineer with Masters Degree


 A heart specialist
 A player with high level of understanding of
the game
What is Politics?

ORGANISATIONAL POLITICS IS DIFFERENT


FROM GOVERNMENT POLITICS. THE POLITICAL
SYSTEM IN AN ORGANISATION INFLUENCES
THE BEHAVIOUR OF EMPLOYEES. IT DECIDES
THAT HOW MANAGERS USE THEIR POWER IN
AN ORGANISATION. POLITICS IN AN
ORGANISATION IS A FACTUAL REALITY.
Factors that influence Politics in the
Organisation:

1. Role
2. Situation and Culture
3. Resource utilisation
4. Opportunities for promotion
5. Trust
Role

 The role played by people influence the politicking


activities because their differences in opinion.
 Managers having a strong support create some
problems.
 Role ambiguity of the managers has a wide imopact
on the politics of an organisation because the
behaviour of employees is not clear in the case.
 Visibility and transparency will not create politics
whereas the absence of it will.
Situation And Culture

 Certain situations and culture create politics.


Cultural differences in an organisation may
encourage politicking activities.
 They may create a low trust, unclear performance
and high pressure of work.
 Culture helps to develop employees and managers.
Resource Utilization

 Resource utilization emphasises the departmental


goals for which the departmental heads want
maximum resources for their department. This
creates politics and some departments are given
more favour than others. Departments engage in
politics to safeguard their respective departments.
Opportunities For Promotion

 Promotion opportunities invite politics . Competition


creates politics .
 Promotion avenues offer politics. People wish to gain
favour by hook and crook and gain promotion. This
influences the resultant decision.
Trust

 A lack of trust creates politics. Illegitimate tactics are


applied to influence the seers and peers. Absolute
trust decreases the scope for politics.
 Trust reduced misunderstanding

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