DISTRIBUTED CONTROL

SYSTEM

MADE BY:
SAGAR
2809195
 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
SYSTEM
DEFINATION :-
•A Control System In Which Different Intelligent Devices
(Controllers) Are Functionally & Geographically Distributed
To Control The Process And Integrated On Same
Communication Loop.
 ADVANTAGES OF DCS SYSTEM

REDUNDANCY:- The System Consists Of Critical Equipments Which Have Been

Supported By Active Stand By System Which Results In
Increased Reliability.

RELIABILITY :- Ability Of A System To Operate Efficiently Under Pre-

Determined Operating Conditions.

ADAPTABILITY:- Ability Of A System To Operate Under Adverse Operating

Conditions Accept Changes And Also Provide Easy Machine
Human Interface.
ARCHITECTURE’S OF DCS
• The master less deterministic type on single network
(Node Server)

• The client server type with master less characteristic

on single network

• The client server type with server as master and

interlink between clients on two separate networks.
 NODE SERVER
• A network with deterministic master less type of
protocol has a real master less node hierarchy,
which means that all the nodes, i.e., all
controllers as well as operator stations will have
the same priority and shall be always
communicating to the network together. In this
case, the failure of any one operator station, i.e.
any one node will lead to the “ non operation
of that node only and the rest of the
system stays healthy ” , thereby maintaining
the healthiness of the network.
 Node Node Node Node
1 2 3 4

Bus1

Bus2

All healthy
nodes and all
are at same
hierarchy

Node Node
5 6

NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

 Node Node Node Node
1 2 3 4

Bus1

failure
Bus2

All healthy
nodes and all
are at same
hierarchy
Node Node
5 6
Failure of Bus-2 causes Bus-1 to take
over without making any difference to
nodes

NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

failure

Bus1

Bus2

Still Healthy
Nodes keep
FAILURE OF A NODE WILL
system
LEAD TO THE FAILURE OF
THE PARTICULAR NODE
healthy
ONLY. OPERABILITY IS
INTACT FROM ALL OTHER
NODES

NODE SERVER MASTERLESS TYPE DCS

CLIENT SERVER WITH SINGLE
NETWORK
A special case of Client-server architecture
with servers and all its clients connected
directly to the same network. In this
architecture both the controllers and the
operator stations are clients to the server but
communicating directly to the network. All the
data required are being stored in a common
distributed database at the server which keeps
the complete history of the operations and
process data.
CLIENT SERVER WITH SINGLE
NETWORK
In normal operation all the operations and
process data are being communicated from/to
the operator stations/ controllers are routed
through the server, but failure of the server will
lead to a direct communication of the operator
stations to the controllers. The complete
controllability of the controllers from the
operator stations stays intact and the only
difficulty faced is the loss of the historical
trending capability of the control system.
Server Client 1 Client 2 Client 3

Bus1

Bus2

Server healthy means

Client 4 Client 5 all nodes (clients)
communicating to the
server

CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

BUT MASTER LESS FOR OPERABILITY
 server Client 1 Client 2 Client 3

Bus1

failure Bus2

Server healthy means

all nodes (clients)
communicating to the
Client 5 server
Client 4

Failure of Bus-2 causes Bus-1 to take

over without making any difference to
nodes
CLIENT- SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS
BUT MASTERLESS FOR OPERABILITY
 Server Client 1 Client 2 Client 3

Failure

Bus1

Bus2

Even after failure of

Client 4 Client 5
Failure of server renders
failure of communication
between clients and server
server, the clients
keep communicating
in between and hence
operability is intact

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

BUT MASTERLESS FOR OPERABILITY
CLIENT SERVER WITH TWO
SEPEATE NETWORKS
A network with client server architecture will
have servers as an interconnection point
between the controller nodes and the human
machine interface nodes (HMIs). Both the
controllers and the HMIs are clients to the
server. The failure of the server will lead to
a highly dangerous situation of complete loss
of controllability of the network. No process
information from the controller will be
communicated to the operator station and
instructions from the operator station also
cannot be communicated back to the
controller.
Client 1 Client 2 Client3 server

Network I /Bus1

Network I /Bus2

Network II /Bus1

Network II /Bus2
Client 4
Client 5

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

WITH SERVER AS MASTER
Client 1 Client 2 Client3 server

Network I /Bus1
failure Network I /Bus2

Failure of Bus-1 causes Bus-2 to take

over without making any difference to
nodes
Network II /Bus1

Network II /Bus2
Client 4
Client 5

CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE TYPE DCS

WITH SERVER AS MASTER
Client 1 Client 2 Client3 Data server
lost

failure

Data
lost

Failure of the server will lead to failure of

complete network and loss of operability

Client 4
Client 5
 SGP DCS SYSTEM
• Distributed control system for steam generation plant is
being procured from M/s ABB . The system is known as
“ WORKSTATION BASED SYMPHONY
HARMONY INDUSTRIAL IT SYSTEM”.
• The control and monitoring philosophy has been split in
to two categories i.e. closed loops and Open loops
( mainly indications).
• The closed loops are being powered , monitored and
controlled in the DCS whereas the open loops are being
powered and configured in the MUX system and
monitored in the DCS system.
O-NET LINE-1
LINE-2

NODE-9 NODE-8 NODE-7 NODE-6

NODE-10 NODE-5

ITC ITC ITC ITC ITC ITC

NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS NIS

REDUNDENT C - NET

NIS NIS NIS NIS

NPM NPM NPM NPM

NODE-4
NODE-1
BOILER-1 BOILER-2 BOILER-3 COMMON

NODE NODE
-2 -3
 C-NET

C-NET is a unidirectional, high speed

serial data network that operates at a
10 – megahertz communication rate. It
supports a central network with up to
250 system NODE connections.
 DATA FLOW BETWEEN BRC AND C – NET

NIS NPM
C-NET
C-NET

TO TU SLAVE BRC
FIELD

FROM
FIELD TU SLAVE BRC
 CPP DCS SYSTEM
1. Distributed control system for CPP was originally procured from
M/s ABB The system was “ BAILEY NETWORK 90”

2. Later on it was up graded with Symphony Harmony Industrial IT

System for turbine side

3. The boiler side is up graded with INFY 90 System.

4. In this way CPP have to separate DCS System.

5. Both systems are connected to a pair of redundant server.

6. CPP DCS System is Client server based Architecture.

 ARCHITECTURE OF CPP DCS SYSTEM

ABC SEQ BMS TG-1 TG-2 COM

C - NET

RTDS1 RTDS2
EWS

O-NET

HIS P HIS R CLIENT COMPOSER

 COMPARISON OF DCS OF SGP
& CPP OF NFL PANIPAT

SGP CPP
• Architecture is Node • Architecture is Client
Server based. server based.
• Operating system is • Operating system is
Window XP Windows 2000
Professional based. professional based.
• All critical loops are • All critical loops are
redundant not redundant .