THE ANATOMY OF THE

PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE

SYSTEM

Prepared by: Mark Reynie Renz Silva MAN, RN

 OBJECTIVE:

 To present and discuss the current health concerns & issues

in the health care system of the Philippines. (The Anatomy
of the Philippine Health Care System)

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 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK

HEALTH SYSTEM ₱106M 108.2M 1,800 22 SECTOR

A good health system The population of Hospitals Medical professionals
delivers quality DOH 2018 budget the Philippines has
services to all people, been steadily
when and where they growing for many
need them. (WHO, years.
2019)

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

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* According to a Survey
 QUICK FACTS ON THE HEALTHCARE
SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Public, private or universal healthcare: A mixed public-private
system
 Average cost of an emergency room visit: ₱2,500
 Average cost of a doctor’s visit: ₱500
 Number of pharmacies: over 20,000
 Number of hospitals: 1,800
Population % covered by health insurance: 100%

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*Based on 1st year projections
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
DOH IS THE LEAD AGENCY FOR PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE

Mandate (EO. No. 119, Sec.3)

The Department of Heath (DOH) shall be responsible for the following: formulation
c
and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards and manual of
operations for health services and programs; issuances of rules and regulations, licenses
and accreditations; promulgation of national health standards, goals, priorities and
indicators; development of special health programs and projects and advocacy for
legislation on health policies and programs.
The primary function of the Department of health is the promotion and protection,
preservation or restoration of the health of the people through the provision and delivery of
health services and through the regulation and encouragement of of providers of health
goods and services.
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VISION
Health for ALL Filipinos

MISSION
To ensure accessibility and quality of health
care to improve quality of life of Filipinos,
especially the poor.
PRIMARY GOALS FOR HEALTH SECTOR
Better health outcome
 Attaining the best average level of health care for the entire population and attaining the
smallest feasible differences in health status among individuals and groups.

More responsive health system

 Meeting the peoples expectations of how and they should be treated by health providers
and the degree by which people are satisfied with the health system.

More equitable health care financing

 Distributing the risk that each individual faces due to cost of health care according to the
ability to pay rather than the risk of illness.
 Health Care Delivery
Health Financing
System

PHILIPPINE
HEALTH
SYSTEM

Health Issues: Medicines

Health Information System
And Technologies

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1. HEALTH FINANCING
The health financing system in the Philippines is complex because it
includes different layers of financial sources or income, regulatory bodies and health
service providers.

Four Main Sources of Financing:

National and Local Government User out-of-pocket fees

Insurance(Government and Private) Donors

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HEALTH FINANCING FLOW

FRAGMENTED

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GOOD HEALTH FINANCING

Two main characteristics:

● Raises adequate funds for ● People who use health

health to ensure that services are forfended from
people get use needed financial catastrophe or
services. impoverishment associated
with having to pay for them

(Medina, 2015)
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DOH BUDGET 1991-2017

Source: Department of Health 2018 13

TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURES
The current price grew by 8.0 percent in 2017 amounting to PHP 712.3 billion from PHP 659.3
billion in 2016. It contributed 4.5 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP).

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Source: Department of Health 2018
HOUSEHOLD SPENTTHE HIGHEST HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN 2017

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Source: Department of Health, 2018
o Fragmented and unequal access to health services that
significantly affects the poor.

Those who are rich can afford to pay out-of-pocket

payments and often have a glamorous insurance. However, the
lower class or the poor can become impoverish to meet out the
pocket of health care. The government spends little money on the
program which causes high out of pocket spending and further
widens the gap between rich and poor. (Medina, 2015)

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 I1. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

● The Philippine health care system has rapidly evolved with many challenges through
time.

Struggles:
Underemployment

Scarcity

Skewed distribution

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HEALTH FACILITIES

The private hospitals outnumbered the government hospitals.

HOSPITALS

476
facilities

960 facilities

Public Private

 42,000 lacking beds in all region (Ubial, 2017).

 Hospitals are over occupied from 150 percent to 250 percent.
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o Filipino families who can afford private health facilities usually
choose these as their primary option. Private facilities provide a
better quality of care than the public facilities that lower income
families usually go to.The public facilities tend to be in rural areas that
are more run down.These facilities have less medical staff and
inferior supplies

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HUMAN RESOURCE FOR HEALTH (HRH)

 The health human resources are the main drivers of the health care system and are
essential for the efficient management and operation of the public health system.

 They are the health educators and providers of health services.

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HRH IN THE PHILIPPINES

 22 sectors of health care  There are overproduction of Nurses

professionals, these are MD, and midwives but are unable to find
employment. Meanwhile, there is
RN, RM, BHW RMT, RRT, underproduction of doctors, dentists
PTPA, etc. and med-techs.

 No actual count of active health  Unresolved issues on

care professionals, mostly are compensation, benefits, training
estimated only by different and continuing education.
organization and professional
societies.

(Medina, 2015) 21
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH IN HRH EFFORT

DOCTORS TO THE BARRIOS

(DTTB)

NURSES DEPLOYMENT
PROGRAM (NDP)

RURAL HEALTH MIDWIFE

PLACEMENT PROGRAM
(RHMPP)

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o Only 30 percent of health professionals employed by the
government address the health needs of the majority. Healthcare in
the Philippines suffers because the remaining 70 percent of health
professionals work in the more expensive privately run sectors.

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o The low income households opt to seek consult and treatment
in a government hospital if a family member needs confinement. On
the other hand, affordability is the primary reason for going
to a government medical facility, while excellent service is
one of the reasons for going to a private medical
institution. (Department of Health, 2018).

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III. HEALTH ISSUES; MEDICINES AND
TECHNOLOGIES
Equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines and technologies is
provided by a well-functioning health system.

Core Values:
Safe Scientifically sound

Cost effective High quality

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NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATION

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NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATION

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Source: Department of Health, 2018
NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATION

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Source: Department of Health, 2018
NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATION

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Source: Department of Health, 2018
NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATION

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CONSTRAINTS IN ACCESING ESSENTIAL MEDICINES

Limited
availability

Irrational use

High cost
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IMMUNIZATION DILEMMA DENGVAXIA
In April 2016, the Department of Health (DOH), launched the dengue
vaccination campaign in regions Central Luzon, Calabarzon and Metro Manila,
where about 700,000 individuals received at least one dose of the vaccine.
The government paid P3.5-billion for the vaccine

Philippine Department of Health (DOH) suspended the vaccination program based

in schools owing to the concern that it worsens the disease in some cases
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where the recipient had no previous exposure.
DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL DEVICES

 Highly dependent on imports, the market

continues to expand at a steady pace.

 Medical equipment is almost 100% imported, as

are approximately 50% of medical disposables.

 Local production is limited to prototype units,

spare parts (including improvised parts), and
disposables such as surgical gloves, syringes, and
needles.

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1V. HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM

Collaborative effort to increase availability, access and the use of timely,

relevant and reliable health information through shared agreement on goals and
coordinated efforts and investments in health information and knowledge system.

Purposes:
To enable decision-makers at all levels of the
health system to identify the problems and
needs, make evidence based decisions on
health policy and allocate scarce resources
optimally.
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MAJOR CHALLENGES

1. Technical Interoperability
2. Flexibility
3. Governance and privacy policies
4. Semantic Interoperability

(Philippine Health Information Network, 2014)

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MAJOR CHALLENGES

1.Technical Interoperability
 Non-standard data formats, applications and
processes make it difficult for different entities
to collaborate and share digital information without
obstruction.

(Philippine Health Information Network, 2014)

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MAJOR CHALLENGES

2. Flexibility
 Health metric reports need to be
customizable for different type of users.

(Philippine Health Information Network, 2014)

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MAJOR CHALLENGES
3. Governance and privacy policies

 Governance issues divided in two categories:

a.) “project governance” - how the project will be governed
by the different partners, owners of data sources and end
users.
b.) “service policies” - set of policies that governs the service
oriented Health Information system.

 Privacy issue must address because it impacts the integrity and

security of every human.
(Philippine Health Information Network, 2014) 38
MAJOR CHALLENGES
4. Semantic Interoperability

 Fragmented systems
 Needs more attention to details

(Philippine Health Information Network, 2014)

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NATIONAL HEALTH
GOVERNMENT SITUATION
STRATEGIES

A Advance Health promotion, primary care and quality

C Cover all Filipinos against financial health risk
H Harness the power of strategic HRH
I Invest in eHealth and data for decision-making
E Enforce standards, accountability and transparency
V Value clients and patients
E Elicit multi-stakeholder support for health
(Oducado, 2016)
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NATIONAL HEALTH
GOVERNMENT SITUATION
STRATEGIES

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Source: Department of Health
References:

Fatima, K. and Syed, N.I. (2018). Dengvaxia controversy: impact on vaccine hesitancy. Journal of global
health. 8(2): 020312. doi: 10.7189/jogh.08-020312
McKee. C., and Bohannon K. (2016). Exploring the Reasons behind Parental Refusal of Vaccines. J
Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016;21:104–9.
Medina, P.V., (2015). An introduction to health systems. An overview of the Philippine health care system
and health care thinking. Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/lopaoMD/an-introduction-to-
health-systems-an-overview-of-the-philippine-health-care-system-and-health-systems-thinking
Oducado, R.M., (2016). Philippine health care delivery system trends, issues and challenges. Retrieved
from : https://www.slideshare.net/roducado/philippine-health-care-delivery-system-69063192
Ulep, V. G., and Dela Cruz, N.A. (2013) Analysis of out-of-pocket expenditures in the Philippines. Philippine
Journal of Development. Volume XL(72), 101-102.

Retrieved from:
 https://www.who.int/topics/health_systems/en/
 https://www.doh.gov.ph/doh-budget
 http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/philippines-population/
 https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/healthcare-system-in-the-philippines
 https://psa.gov.ph/pnha-press-release
 https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/946244/did-you-know-ph-has-476-public-960-private-hospitals-as-of-october-
2017 42
THANK
YOU
Mark Reynie Renz V. Silva
Student

rprince_12@yahoo.com

678-555-0100