HEREDITY

INHERITANCE
AND
VARIATION
Prepared By: Ms. Karla R. Ong
DEFINITION
OF
TERMS
 HEREDITY
•Passing of traits from
parents to offspring
 GENETICS
•Science that deals with
the study of HEREDITY
 INHERITANCE
•Something that is
being inherited
 VARIATIONS
•a change or
difference
 GENE
•Unit of heredity
Example: Skin Color, Eye Color,
height
 ALLELES
•Two or more
alternative forms of
genes (letter)
•Example: HEIGHT (Tall and Short), EYE
COLOR( Blue and Brown and Black)
 HOMOZYGOUS
•Refers to particular gene
that has identical alleles
Example: Height (HH and hh)
 HETEROZYGOUS
•Has 2 different alleles of
a gene
Example: Height (Hh)
PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE
•Physical •Specific
Manifestation combination of
•Example:Red alleles for a
given gene
Example: RR,
Rr, rr
GREGOR MENDEL’S WORK
 GREGOR MENDEL’S WORK
•Known as the “Theory of
Inheritance”
•Pea Plants
•“when mating, each offspring
exhibits the trait of ONE
PARENT ONLY(dominant)
In squash, white fruit color is
dominant over yellow fruit
color. If a squash plant
homozygous for white(W) is
crossed with a plant
homozygous for yellow(w),
what will the phenotypic
and genotypic ratios be?
NON-MENDELIAN
PATTERN OF
INHERITANCE
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
•An allele for a specific trait is not
completely dominant over the other
allele.
•This result in a 3 rd phenotype in
which the expressed physical trait is a
combination of the dominant and
recessive factor.
 PROBLEM NO.1
•Carl crossed a homozygous
dominant blue rose(B) to a
homozygous dominant yellow
rose(Y). What will be the GR
and PR of the offspring?
 SOLUTION
BB- blue rose YY- Yellow

B B
Y BY BY GR: 100% BY
BY BY PR: 100% Green
Y
 Problem No.2
A red carnation is crossed
with a white carnation.
Find out the future
offspring.
 ANOTHER EXAMPLES
•A curly hair mother crossed with a straight
hair father resulting into a wavy hair
child.
•Black bird crossed with a white bird
resulting into grey bird.
•A tall father mates with a short mother
and their child has a medium-size height
ANSWER!
ACTIVITY NUMBER 1
 CODOMINANCE
•One allele is not
dominant over the other
allele.
•This result in both alleles
expressed equally
 PROBLEM No. 1
•A pure bred white Pitbull
dog is crossed with pure
black Pitbull dog.
Determine the offspring
showing codominance
 ANSWER!

•ACTIVITY 2
 MULTIPLE ALLELES
•More than 2 types of
alleles available
•Will lead to more than 2
phenotypes
 MULTIPLE ALLELES
•Blood Type
-controlled by 3 alleles (A,B,O)
Where;
A,B- shows codominance
O- recessive
SEX CHROMOSOMES
AND
SEX
DETERMINATION
•Humans have 46 chromosomes
(23 pairs)
•1st-22nd pair (SOMATIC
CHROMOSOMES)
•23 (GAMETES/SEX
rd

CHROMOSOMES)
 RD MALE 23 RD
FEMALE 23

XX XY