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MA.8.G.2.4
The student will be able to:
Validate and apply Pythagorean
Theorem to find distances in real
world situations or between
points in the coordinate plane.
CCSS
8.G Understand and apply the
Pythagorean Theorem.
6. Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.
leg hypotenuse
right angle
leg
a 2 + b 2 = 2
c.
Note: The hypotenuse, c, is always
the longest side.
a 2 + b2 = c 2
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/proof/puzzle/theorem.html
Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem
Each large square contains four congruent right triangles, one of which is
colored red.
Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem
The larger square is the result of the longer leg of the red right triangle.
The largest square at the right is the result of the hypotenuse of the red
triangle.
Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem
On the left are the squares of the two legs of the red right
triangle. On the right is the square of the hypotenuse.
Therefore, in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the two
legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.
1. Find the length of the hypotenuse
122 + 162 = c2
12 in 144 + 256 = c2
400 = c2
Take the square root
16 in of both sides.
400 c 2
C = ±20
The hypotenuse is 20 inches long.
2. Find the length of the hypotenuse
5 2 + 7 2 = c2
5 cm
25 + 49 = c2
74 = c2
7 cm Take the square root of
both sides.
74 c 2
C » ±8.6
The hypotenuse is about 8.6 cm long.
3. Find the length of the hypotenuse
given that the legs of a right triangle
are 6 ft and 12 ft.
1. 180 ft.
2. 324 ft.
3. 13.42 ft.
4. 18 ft.
4. Find the length of the missing leg.
4 cm 10 cm 42 + b2 = 102
16 + b2 = 100
-16 -16
b2 = 84
b 84
2
b » ±9.2
The leg is about 9.2 cm long.
5. Find the length of the missing leg.
13 in a2 + 122 = 132
a2 + 144 = 169
-144 -144
12 in a2 = 25
a = 25
2
a = ±5
The leg is 5 inches long.
6. Find the length of the missing
side of a right triangle if one leg is 4
ft and the hypotenuse is 8 ft.
1. 24 ft.
2. 4 ft.
3. 6.9 ft.
4. 8.9 ft.
Application of Pythagorean Theorem
• The screen aspect ratio, or
the ratio of the width to the
length of a HDTV is 16:9.
The size of a television is
given by the diagonal distance across the
screen. If an HDTV is 41 inches wide, what is
its diagonal screen size?
9 + 64 = 73
73 = 73
Since this is true, the triangle is a
right triangle!! If it was not true, it
would not be a right triangle.
Three right triangles surround a shaded triangle;
together they form a rectangle measuring 12 units by 14
units. The figure below shows some of the dimensions
but is not drawn to scale.
14
Is the shaded
triangle a
7
right
12 triangle?
Provide
proof for
5 your answer.
9 5
14
No, the
245
7 shaded
12 triangle is
15
not a right
50
5 triangle.
9 5 2 2
15 + 50 ¹ 245
2
225 + 50 ¹ 245
275 ¹ 245
The Distance Formula
The distance formula is often
memorized in the square root
form with no connection to
previous learning.
Many students do not make the
connection that the distance
formula
is simply the Pythagorean
Theorem algebraically
manipulated
by solving for d, which is the
hypotenuse of a right triangle..
Deriving the Distance Formula
The Distance
from Point A to
Point B
would be equal
y 2 - y1 to the length of
the hypotenuse
C of triangle
( x1, y 2 ) x 2 - x1 ABC.
Deriving the Distance Formula
a +b = c
2 2 2
2 2
y 2 - y1 x 2 - x1 + y 2 - y1 = c 2
( x2 - x1) + ( y2 - y1)
2 2
c=±
( x1, y 2 )
C
x 2 - x1
( x2 - x1) + ( y2 - y1)
2 2
Distance Formula =
Find the Distance Between:
1. Points A and B
2. Points B and C
3. Points A and C
Roland went on a hike to visit a cave in the mountains. To begin his
hike he faced west and hiked for 3 miles. Then he turned to the
south and traveled for 2 miles. After a water break Roland again
continued west for 4 miles. Turning North he continued for 3
miles. Next Roland turned left for 2 miles, and then he took a right
and continued on his hike for a final 6 miles until he discovered the
location of the cave.
2 +4 =c
2 2 2
4 +16 = c 2
3
? 20 = c 2
?2 ?20 c = ± 20
Pythagorean Theorem in the 3rd Dimension
What is the longest curtain rod you can fit in this box?
Note: Fishing poles only come in increments of tenth of a foot.
2
3 + 20 = x
2 2
9 + 20 = x 2
3 ? 29 = x 2
20 x = ± 29
2
» 5.3851
The longest rod is 5.3 feet
Pythagorean Theorem in the 3rd Dimension
Derive a formula that will always work to find the diagonal of any
rectangular prism.
d = l +w +h 2 2 2