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Benefit: Benefit:
Hard/Strength cutting Soft Lubricant Low dense ductile high dense
strong
Low temperature High pressure
application (e.g. application (e.g. LNG
Ammonia gas vessels) with pressure vessels)
Application: one can produce material of desired property from a single substance
by controlling temperature, pressure, light, composition and/or size of alloying
elements
10 June 2015 M. Waqas
Allotropic forms of carbon
CARBON
Crystalline Amorphous
Diamond Coal
Graphite Charcoal
Fullerene Lampblack
A. Artificial photosynthesis
B. Non-linear optics
C. In cosmetics.
D. In surface coatings
E. Bio logical applications
• modification known as
tin pest from ametallic form
to a semiconductor form
below 13.2 °C (55.8 °F)
M. Waqas
10 June 2015
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
Nb, Ti, V Ni, Si, Mn Mo, Cr, W
Extra more affinity for C than others More affinity for C than Fe
C,N,O,B,Co,Ni,Cu ----- Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu, N-----(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, Nb,Ta) Less Affinity for C than Fe
Ferrite Former
MoC Fe4N
Carbide Former
WC
Cr23C Mo2N MoC
Cr3C2
Cr7C3
Mo2C
W2C VC
Mo3C2 Cr2N
VC CrN
NbC
TaC VN TiC
Non Carbide Former
TiC NbB2
Nb2C NbC
Austenite Former
ZrC
Al4C TiN
HfC NbN
AlN
TaN NbN
Nb2N
Ta2N
In solution form
TiN ZrB2
ZrN HfB2
HfN
Nitride Former (N≥0.015%)-------------------------Oxide Former (more affinity for O2 then Fe)
Fe, V, Al, Ti, Cr) (Al, Si, V, Ti)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Ferrite Former Austenite Former
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
No Carbid Carbide Former
(Ni, Si, Co, Al, Cu , N)----------------------(Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Ti, Zr, N b)
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
BCC(Cr, Mo, Nb)--------HCP(Ti)----FCC(Ni)--------complex cubic(Mn)
Solid Solution
• Effect of alloying elements:
ANY QUESTION?