LANGUAGE FEATURES

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
Prepositional phrase is a combination of preposition and the object (object of
preposition) which can be a noun (phrase), pronoun, atau gerund.

A prepositional phrase can function as :

- an adjective that describes a noun or pronoun (called an adjectival prepositional
phrase)
- an adverb which describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb (called an adverbial
prepositional phrase) that is in a sentence.
 Preposition Object of Preposition Contoh
Gerund Prepositional
One Word Complex Noun (Phrase) Pronoun Phrase
(Phrase)
at work at work
between us between us
walking for about walking for
about
health health
in the waiting
in the waiting room
room
on the floor on the floor

in front of guests in front of guests

because of you because of you

because of
because of something else
something else
together with my
together with my parents
parents
No Contoh Kalimat Prepositional Phrase
The car in front of me ran the red light.
(Mobil di depan saya menerobos lampu merah.)
1
Keterangan:
Adjectival prepositional phrase menerangkan noun “car” dan mengatakan “which man”.
Is the bag on the floor yours?
(Apakah tas di lantai punyamu?)
2
Keterangan:
Adjectival prepositional phrase menerangkan noun “bag” dan mengatakan “which bag”.
She is still sitting in the waiting room.
(Dia masih duduk di ruang tunggu.)
3
Keterangan:
Adverbial prepositional phrase menerangkan verb “is sitting” dan menjawab pertanyaan “Where is she sitting?”

Maybe they work harder because of something else.

(Mungkin mereka bekerja lebih keras karena sesuatu yang lain.)
4
Keterangan:
Adverbial prepositional phrase menerangkan adjective “harder” dan menjawab pertanyaan “Why do they work harder?”

He was at work when he felt a deep ache in his chest.

(Dia sedang di tempat kerja ketika dia merasakan sakit yang dalam di dadanya.)
5
Keterangan:
Adverbial prepositional phrase menerangkan verb “was” dan mengatakan “Where was he when he felt a deep ache in his chest?”
 INFINITIVE PHRASE
 An infinitive phrase is a form of noun phrase that starts from use to infinitive. The infinitive phrase is formed from a
combination between infinitive and basic verbs. In addition, the infinitive phrase can also contain object elements and
modifiers.
Example: Let me show you the best way to fit a door quickly.
 The Infinitive phrase has various functions.
1. As nouns
Ex : The best solution is to marry her quickly.
To finish his shift without spiling another hotdog into a customer’s lap is Rod only goal everyday.
2. As adjectives
Ex : I need a book and pen to write my idea.
The best way to survive Maria’s anger is a gown to make her stop complaining about our mistake.
3. As complementary words (adverb)
Ex : The officer returned to help the inspectors
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
Participial phrases are combinations of participle (present or past participle) with
complement and / or modifiers.

participle complement modifier participial phrase

lying on the couch lying on the couch
baking sweet
baking sweet potatoes
potatoes
checking something
checking something thoroughly
thoroughly

*Modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that functions as an adverb for the participle
*Complement can be an object if the participle is a transitive verb.
 Contoh Clause Contoh Kalimat Participial Phrase

adjective clause (active voice)

•The athlete carrying the ball is Miroslav
•The athlete who is carrying the ball is Miroslav Klose.
Klose. menerangkan athlete
(Atlit yang sedang membawa bola adalah Miroslav Klose.)
•The boy playing basketball is my
•The man who is playing basketball is my brother.
brother. menerangkan boy
(Laki-laki yang sedang bermain basket adalah saudaraku.)

adjective clause (passive voice)

•The car which is being parked there is his.
(Mobil yang sedang diparkir disana miliknya.) •The car being parked there is his. menerangkan car
•The math problem which has been solved by the class is very •The math problem solved by the class is very
difficult. difficult. menerangkan math problem
(Soal matematika yang telah diselesaikan oleh kelas tersebut
sangat sulit.)

adverbial clause
Learning Math, she turned off the TV. cause & effect
Because she was learning Math, she turned off the TV.
(sebab akibat)
(Karena dia sedang belajar matematika, dia mematikan TV.)
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
Adjective phrases have two forms, namely predicative and attributive.
1. Predicative adjective is an adjective phrase that has a function as a predicate. It is located after the verb and has
no purpose to describe the noun.
2. Attributive adjective is adjective which has the opposite function of predicate adjective. If the predicate adjective
does not function as an explanatory noun, but for the adjective attribute it is used to describe the noun. This phrase is
placed before a noun.

posisi adjective adjective phrase

I like very dark chocolate.

I like dark chocolate.
attributive (Saya suka cokelat yang sangat
(Saya suka cokelat hitam.)
hitam.)

Tommy is smart. Tommy is extremely smart.

predicative
(Tommy pintar.) (Tommy sangat pintar.)
QUESTION
Question is a type of sentence that requires an answer.
- Who will be the governor for Jakarta?
- Who will protect endangered species?
EXCLAMATION
- What exceptional children these are! --true
- How exceptional children these are! --false
- Fantastic, we closed the deal! --true
- Fantastic! We closed the deal. --false