2-Pakistan Product Concentrations Presentation

PRODUCT
CONCENTRATIONS!
Islamabad, Pakistan
April, 2001
© 2001 Baker Hughes Incorporated Pakistan Fluids Training Course – April, 2001
All rights reserved. Page 1
PRODUCT
CONCENTRATIONS
The path to a “lay-down” mud
What About PRODUCT
CONCENTRATIONS?
 Is is important for us to know the
concentration of all the products in our
drilling fluid?
 Is a knowledge of certain key components
enough?
What’s PRODUCT
CONCENTRATIONS?
 It is simply the process of:
– Maintaining accurate records of:
• all solid and liquid additions!
• all losses of whole mud!
 The concentration of each product is VERY
IMPORTANT!
 Some Drilling Fluid Systems require very close
control of key product concentrations:
– NEW-DRILL, AQUA-DRILL, AQUA-DRILL +,
SYNTHETICS, PERFFLOW, etc.
What You Need to KNOW!
 The VOLUME gained for each unit of each product added
to the system.
 To do this, you must know the weight/volume relationship for
each product.
 The principle for solving this is based on the SPECIFIC
GRAVITY of the product.
 Water has a specific gravity of 1.0 g/cc, and it weighs 8.33 lb/gal, or 350
lbs/bbl.
 So, any product with an S.G. of 1.0 will increase the
volume of your system by 1.0 bbl for every 350 lbs.
added.
 In metric terms this is 1.0 MT of water = 1 M3 of volume!
Now, Let’s Work Through an
EXAMPLE!
Let’s assume that we begin with 159 M3 of seawater. We
are going to add the following products and quantities:
NEW-DRILL Plus 20 x 25 kg sacks

XANPLEX D 10 x 25 kg sacks
MIL-PAC R 10 x 50 lb sacks
MIL-PAC LV 40 x 50 lb sacks
AQUA-COL 30 x 55 gal drums
An EXAMPLE! Part Two
These products have the following sg’s:
NEW-DRILL Plus 1.60

XANPLEX D 1.60
MIL-PAC R 1.60
MIL-PAC LV 1.60
AQUA-COL 1.055
WORKING A FEW EXAMPLES FOR
VARIOUS MATERIALS - Part 3
Convert the S.G. of each product into the
pounds per barrel of the product.
For Sacked Materials:
We start by converting the unit size into

pounds.
A 50 lb sack is 50 lbs, but a 25 kg sack is 25 *

2.2046 = 55.12 lbs.
Convert the sg of each product into the

pounds per barrel of the product.
For Liquid Materials:
Here, we have to convert the unit size into

barrels.
A 55 gal drum is approximately 1.30 bbls.

A 200 ltr drum is approximately 1.26 bbls.
We begin with NEW-DRILL Plus. We want to

add 20 sacks to the 1,000 bbl system. Each
sack weighs 25 kg.
 What is the total weight (in lbs) of material added?
 What is the final volume?
 What is the ppb concentration of NEW-DRILL Plus in

this system.
VARIOUS MATERIALS - Part 5a

sack weighs 25 kg.
 What is the total weight (in lbs) of material

added?
Units * Unit Weight * Conversion Factor
20 * 25 * 2.2046 = 1102.3 lbs
VARIOUS MATERIALS - Part 5b
sack weighs 25 kg.
 What is the final volume?
Final Vol = Start Vol + Vol Gained
The unknown is the Volume Gained.
VOLUME GAIN CALCULATIONS FOR
MOST SACKED MATERIALS
 Knowns:
• Unit Weight: 25 kg
• Product sg: 1.6
 Convert Unit Weight to pounds per unit:
• 25 kg * 2.2046 = 55.115 lbs
 Convert sg to ppb:
• 1.6 * 8.33 * 42 = 559.78 lbs per barrel of material
Volume Gain = Wt/unitlbs / Lbs/bblproduct
VOLUME GAIN CALCULATIONS
 Volume gain per unit added (for this

example) is:
Volume Gain = Wt/unitlbs / Lbs/bblproduct
Volume Gain = 55.115 / 559.78
Volume Gain = 0.0985 bbls
 Calculate the Volume Increase:
 Calculate the Volume Increase:
Volume Increase = Vol Gained/unit * Units

Added
Volume Increase = 0.0985 * 20
Volume Increase = 1.9692 bbls

 Calculate the Final Volume:
Final Volume = Volumestart + Volume Increase
Final Volume = 1000 + 1.9692
Final Volume = 1001.9692 bbls
OK! NOW YOU KNOW WHAT THE
VOLUME GAIN IS! WHAT NEXT?
 Calculate the Concentration of NEW-DRILL

Plus as ppb:
Concentration = Poundsadded / Final Volume
Concentration = 1102.3 / 1001.9692
Concentration = 1.1001 ppb

THIS IS THE BASIC IDEA FOR EACH
PRODUCT ADDED!
 But, what about liquid products, like water, SYN-

TEQ, PARA-TEQ or AQUA-COL?
– A liquid additive is of a known volume.
– If not in barrels, then convert the unit size to barrel
equivalents.
– For example, a 200 ltr drum contains approximately
200 / 3.785 or 52.84 gallons of product. Divide by 42 to
get approximately 1.26 bbls VOLUME GAIN for each
drum added.
– Water, Brines and Synthetics are added as barrels.
BUT, WHAT ABOUT SALTS?
 Salts present a different problem, due to

purity, solubility and other factors.
 The safest bet is to use the salt table that
relates to the purity of the salt that you are
adding.
 Read down the table to the desired wt%, then
look across to obtain the volume increase,
pounds per barrel and other details.
HOW TO USE YOUR PRODUCT
CONCENTRATION SHEET?
 In a general sense, if you start with a known

volume and a known concentration, then any
fluid lost to through solids removal
equipment, dumping, downhole losses - or
any other cause - results in a lower overall
volume.
 BUT, the concentration of each product
remains the same.
HOW TO USE YOUR PRODUCT
CONCENTRATION SHEET?
 Remember that ANY additions of water, or

other liquid, will increase the final volume
and decrease the concentration of the
products.
 PHPA is different, because of its
encapsulating nature, so you have to apply a
different concept.
SO, WHAT ABOUT PHPA?
 The RULE OF THUMB is that it requires 4.0

ppb of PHPA to encapsulate each BARREL of
cuttings generated.
 The following gives you some idea of what
this represents:
• 17.5 inch hole = 29.75 bbls of cuttings/100
feet
• 12.25 inch hole = 14.58 bbls of cuttings/100
feet
SO, WHAT ABOUT PHPA?
 If you are drilling 200 feet/hour in 17.5 inch

hole, you must add 238 pounds of fresh
PHPA to the system JUST to maintain the
concentration you started with.
SO, WHAT ELSE ABOUT PHPA?
 Only one of our PHPA’s is 100% active. Which one

is it?
 What is the percentage of active product in the other
two, and what are their trade names?
 REMEMBER also that if you start with a 1,000 bbl
system with 1.10 ppb PHPA, then drill 1000 feet of
17.5 inch hole and lose 100 bbls of mud due to
dumping the sand traps - that the CONCENTRATION
of this product, and all the others, has changed.
 In order to efficiently and effectively run virtually any
of today’s complex systems, you must KNOW!
EVERYONE HAS A SLIGHTLY
DIFFERENT METHOD!
 Develop your own way of doing these

calculations.
 Once you get into the swing of it, it is really
quite easy.
 But, BIG BUT,MEGA,

ENORMOUS BUT!
THE BIG BUT!
 You have to be consistent in your methodology.

 You have to keep it up to date.
 You must be aware of what goes into, and out of,
your system - at all times.
 Keep up with this, and these systems come very
close to “lay-down” muds.

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PRODUCT

NEW-DRILL Plus 20 x 25 kg sacks

These products have the following sg’s:

NEW-DRILL Plus 1.60

For Sacked Materials:

We start by converting the unit size into

A 50 lb sack is 50 lbs, but a 25 kg sack is 25 *

Convert the sg of each product into the

For Liquid Materials:

Here, we have to convert the unit size into

A 55 gal drum is approximately 1.30 bbls.

We begin with NEW-DRILL Plus. We want to

 What is the total weight (in lbs) of material added?

 What is the final volume?

 What is the ppb concentration of NEW-DRILL Plus in

We begin with NEW-DRILL Plus. We want to

 What is the total weight (in lbs) of material

Units * Unit Weight * Conversion Factor

20 * 25 * 2.2046 = 1102.3 lbs

 What is the final volume?

Final Vol = Start Vol + Vol Gained

The unknown is the Volume Gained.

 Volume gain per unit added (for this

 Calculate the Volume Increase:

Volume Increase = Vol Gained/unit * Units

Volume Increase = 0.0985 * 20

Volume Increase = 1.9692 bbls

 Calculate the Final Volume:

Final Volume = Volumestart + Volume Increase

Final Volume = 1000 + 1.9692

Final Volume = 1001.9692 bbls

 Calculate the Concentration of NEW-DRILL

Concentration = Poundsadded / Final Volume

Concentration = 1102.3 / 1001.9692

Concentration = 1.1001 ppb

 But, what about liquid products, like water, SYN-

 Salts present a different problem, due to

 In a general sense, if you start with a known

 Remember that ANY additions of water, or

 The RULE OF THUMB is that it requires 4.0

 If you are drilling 200 feet/hour in 17.5 inch

 Only one of our PHPA’s is 100% active. Which one

 Develop your own way of doing these

 But, BIG BUT,MEGA,

 You have to be consistent in your methodology.

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