Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 31

Put prepositions or particles where they are more

“natural,” following spoken usage, you may use a


preposition to end a sentence with.
Examples:
What does the criticism refer to?
The Time Web site was where I got the data from.
 regarding
 after  before  for
 since
 against  behind  from
 through
 along  below  in
 throughout
 amid  beneath  into
 till
 among  beside  of
 to
 around  between  on
 toward
 at  beyond  out
 until
 after  by  outside
 With
 against  during  Over
 upon
If you feel that your writing becomes more
refined or elegant by avoiding prepositions
at the end, you may position the preposition
before the relative pronoun which introduces
the clause.
Example:
The president is the one with whom
I have to discuss this crisis.
Never double the prepositions:
Example:
The safety of students while on a school field trip is
something for which the teachers are responsible
for.
The safety of students while on a school field trip is
something for which the teachers are responsible.
The safety of students while on a school field trip is
something which the teachers are responsible for.
He’s the one about whom we were chatting.
He’s the one we were chatting about.
That’s an insult up with which I shall not put.
That’s an insult I shall not put with.
No general formula can be written for this sequence, apart
from noting that:
 ordinal and cardinal numerals, in that order, come
immediately after determiner
 inherent characteristics are closer to the noun
 subjective judgements are farther from noun

 the school’s German, first, blonde, three, tall, young boys


 the school’s first three young, tall, blonde, German boys
Source:
https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_docsishqacnmn
 The order of Adjectives

In 2009, a government-issued
• D - Determiner
• O - Ordinal
textbook for An elementary level
• C - Cardinal English course advised the pupils
• Si - Size to follow the acronym DOCSiShQACNMN
• Sh - Shape in order to sequence adjectives.
• Q - Quality However, no such grammatical
• A - Age rule has yet become widely accepted in
• C - Color English Linguistics.
• NM - Noun modifier
• N - Noun
In the normal word order, the adverbs come at the end
of the sentence in the following sequence:
1. Adverb of Manner
2. Adverb of Place
3. Adverb of Time
Note that the adverbs of place and time, when used with verbs other
than be, may be repositioned elsewhere, but not the adverb of manner.
Example:
 He delivered the lecture this morning excellently at the conference.
 He delivered the lecture excellently at the conference this morning.
 At the conference this morning, he delivered the lecture excellently.
The adverb of frequency is placed before the verb,
except the verb be.
Ex. Books often seem authoritative, yet are
sometimes erroneous.
The adverb of time is often preposed, i.e., put at
the beginning of the sentence.
Ex. This morning, he delivered the lecture
excellently at the conference.
This initial position makes the adverb of time refer
directly to the main verb. A final position could make the
reference of the adverb of time ambiguous.
De Klerk initiated reconciliation moves with Mandela,
when still the prime minister of South Africa.
When still the prime minister of South Africa, De
Klerk initiated reconciliation moves with Mandela.
De Klerk initiated reconciliation moves with Mandela,
while still in prison.
De Klerk initiated reconciliation moves with Mandela
who was then still in prison.
When an adverb expressing a negation or near-negation is
preposed (put at the head of the sentence), the sentence uses
the interrogative word order, the verb or auxiliary verb which
takes tense is positioned before the subject.
Example:
The audience has never heard such harmonies before.
Never has the audience heard such harmonies before.
The school will offer not only computer science but
computer engineering as well.
Not only will the school offer computer science but
computer engineering as well.
In like manner, the preposed adverb of place
modified by only causes the inflected verb
(whether auxiliary, modal, or main verb) to
come before the subject.
Example:
You can find such a rare book in the library.
 In the library you can find such a rare book.
Only in the library can you find such a rare
book.
The Position of the Adverb Already
 Unlike its Filipino equivalent na, it is normally positioned within
the clause.
Example:
The contract has already been signed.
We already suspected that the First Gentleman was
involved.
 Dates in text may take three forms. Note the absence of the comma in the
second form:
Example:
 The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on September
11, 2001.
 The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on 11
September 2001.
 The infamous attack on the World Trade Center happened on 11th of
September, 2001.
The name of the day precedes the date:
Example:
The American Occupation of the Philippines
officially ended on Thursday, the 4th of July,
1946.
The sequence of verbs in a narrative sentence should
follow the time order of the event:
Example:
 I plan to post problem words on the bulletin board so
that everyone could understand and read them.
…so that everyone could read and understand them.
The sequence of nouns in a descriptive sentence should be
in accordance with the space order your readers can
easily follow:

The new building is ultra-modern, with an integrated


food court on the second floor, mechanized multi-level
parking slots in the basement, and a revolving
restaurant on the top floor.
The new building is ultra-modern, with mechanized
multi-level parking slots in the basement, an integrated
food court on the second floor, and a revolving
restaurant on the top floor.
• The negatives neither and nor cause the inflected verb to come
before the subject.
Example:
I did not apply for the scholarship; my friend didn’t, either.
I did not apply for the scholarship; neither did my friend.
 The church alone cannot instill all the values its parishioners
should have; likewise, the school system cannot do it.
 The church alone cannot instill all the values its parishioners
should have; nor can the school system cannot do likewise.
• Adjectives in English generally precede the noun
modified. Some idiomatic or poetic constructions,
however, position the adjective after the noun.
Example:
the brothers Grimm(the noun Grimm functioning as an
adjective)
the forest primeval
the light eternal
 Are positioned before the adjective or adverb modified.
Examples:

Many English books in the market are absolutely outdated.


Very correct behavior is now expected of civil servants
after a spate of harassment charges.
The Department of Labor maintains that the OCW’S
allegations are totally untrue.
Unlike the other intensifiers, quite is
positioned before the indefinite article.

Example:
The séance was a quite moving experience.
The séance was quite a moving experience.
The UPCAT is quite easy.
The UPCAT is quite an easy test.
are infinitives with an adverb positioned between
to and the adverb stem- are acceptable when the
adverb are short words.
Examples:
 The guard asked the intruder to kindly leave.
 Archimedes was able to really convince the king
that the crown was not of pure gold.
In general, though split infinitives, should be avoided.
Adverbs of time, in particular, should not be positioned
within an infinitive.
Example:
The DPWH wanted to immediately construct anti-lahar
dikes.
The DPWH wanted to construct anti-lahar dikes
immediately .
I expect to soon know the results of our probe.
I expect to know the results of our probe soon.
Some words, like only, are quite versatile in position, yet
no two positions would have the same meaning. Make
sure that you position such words carefully
• Only the mathematicians in the institute were kept in the dark
about the true purpose of their work for the government’s
weapons program.
• The mathematicians in the only institute were kept in the dark
about the true purpose of their work for the government’s
weapons program.
• The mathematicians in the institute were only kept in the dark
about the true purpose of their work for the government’s
weapons program.
The odd position of only in the famous
pop song with the same title:

… but I only have eyes for you

which, in writing, should be:


… but I have eyes only for you…
 When an interrogative sentence with an interrogative pronoun
is embedded in a declarative sentence, the subject of the
interrogative is positioned before the verb carrying tense. If the
auxiliary verb is do, the embedded interrogative drops it and
uses the main verb.
Examples:
 Why is the climate getting warmer?
I want to know why the climate is changing.
Who are the culprits?
Much research is focused on who the culprits
are.
What does it mean for developing countries?
People in developing countries are not aware
of what it means for them.

Вам также может понравиться