MECHANICAL FASTENING

August 24, 2019

 Mechanical Fastening
 Mechanical fasteners are devices that are used to locate, hold,
join or couple two or more pieces of materials or work
together.
 The reasons that we used mechanical fastening as following:
 Easy to manufacturing.
 Easy to assembly and transportation.
 Easy to maintenance, repair or replacement.
 Low cost of manufacturing the product.
 Simple technique.
 Long tool life.
 No pre-drilled hole required for self-drilling fasteners.
 Low energy demand.
 Environmentally and user friendly.
 Mechanical Fastening

 Mechanical
fastening may be
subjected to both
shear and tensile
stresses and
should be
designed to resist
these forces.

Shear stress
Mechanical Fastening

Tensile stress
Mechanical Fastening
 Thefour main groups of mechanical
fastening systems are
 Threaded fasteners (nuts & bolts
and screws).
 Fixed fasteners (rivet).
 Aligning (pin).
Non-threaded
 Retaining (rings, washers, and
fasteners.
keys).
Mechanical Fastening
THREADED FASTENERS
 Two basic types of machine-threaded fasteners:
- Nuts & bolts
- Screws.
 Generally they used pre-drilled holes.

 Typical use is for structural assembly in engineering

applications, particularly where high strength is required.
 They can also be found in smaller form in for example
components where de- and re-assembly may be required
(e.g. in domestic electronics).
Mechanical Fastening
Bolts
 Bolts are threaded fastener
designed to pass through holes in
mating members and to be secured
by tightening nuts from the end
opposite the head of the bolts.
 Bolt is usually in conjunction with
washers and nuts.
 Most widely used non-permanent
fastening.
 The bolt head is usually hexagonal
and shank is screwed for all or part Hexagon Bolt

of its length ( known as a screw).

Mechanical Fastening
Bolts
 Most bolts are manufactured from low-medium carbon
steel by forging or machining.
 Bolts may also be made from high tensile (HT) steel, alloy
steel, stainless steel, brass and other metals.
 Bolts may be plated or galvanized to prevent corrosion.

 The various types of bolts:

 Mechanical Fastening
Bolts
 The basic parts of bolts:
 Head.
 Bearing surface – the area
through which the bolt is
loaded in tension.
 Shank – unthreaded portion
of the bolt.
 Male Threads – the threads
on a bolt, screw, or stud are
known as ‘male,’ those on a
nut or tapped hole are
‘female’.
 Point –end of the threads
often chamfered for easier
thread starting.
 Grip Length – the length
from the bearing surface to
first complete thread.
 Thread length.
 Length – the total length of
the bolt.
 Mechanical Fastening
Bolting applications
 To provide a mechanical connection which can be assembled and /
or disassembled non-destructively and which is strong enough to
resist the loads placed on them.
 Typical applications of bolting include, fixing of car wheels to
wheel hubs, fixing of cylinder heads to cylinder blocks and the
clamping of pipes and cables.
Advantages
 Ease of use - i.e. little or no technical expertise needed to assemble
/ disassemble a bolted connection other than the ability to use a
torque wrench where required.
 Cheap.

 Readily available.

 Availability of engineering data, both experimental and of actual

usage collated over many years.
Disadvantages
 Sometimes bolted joints can loosen when they experience vibration
 Mechanical Fastening

Screws
 Screws are threaded fastener

designed to be inserted through

a hole in one member and into a
threaded hole in a mating
member.

Hexagon head cap screw

Mechanical Fastening
Screws
 The three types of screws are

 Machine screws.
 Set screws.
 Self-tapping screws.
 Mechanical Fastening
Machine Screws
 They have plain ends not chamfered like the
other types of screws.

Machine Screws
 Mechanical Fastening
Set Screws
 Set screws are used to develop a normal force between two
objects (e.g. collar and shaft) in order to prevent its
movements or rotation in relation to another pats.

Set Screws
 Mechanical Fastening
Self-tapping Screws
 Self-tapping screws require no nuts or tapped holes.

 Mostly used in assembly where thin section metal sheets

are used.

Self-tapping Screws
TO BE CONTINUE…
 THANK YOU

See you in next lecture….

August 24, 2019