Milling Machine

Definition:- A machine tool used for removing the

undesirable material from a workpiece by feeding
the workpiece past a rotating multipoint cutting tool
called milling cutter.
Principle of operation:
Workpiece is clamped on the work table.
Milling cutter is mounted on the arbor or spindle
of milling machine.
 Milling cutter rotates at desired speed.
Workpiece is fed against the rotating milling cutter
in X,Y and Z directions.
Milling cutter is made up of material harder than
the workpiece.
Principle of operation
 Features of milling
 Interrupted cutting: A material is removed for only part
of the rotation of the milling cutter. As a result a cutting
edge gets time to cool before it removes material again.
Thus milling is a cooler operation than turning operation.

 Large material removal: Chip size is small but multiple

cutting edges remove a large material in a single pass
than turning.

 Variation in chip thickness: There is a cyclic variation

in chip thickness from zero to maximum. This is harmful
for surface finish and tool life.
 Classification
 Knee and column type:
Horizontal, Vertical, Universal and Turret.
These are general purpose milling machines with lot of
flexibility.
 Production type: Simplex, Duplex, Triplex
Suitable for large production of similar components, less
flexibility.
 Plano millers: Suitable for Large size workpieces.
 Special purpose type: Suitable for gear profiling, spline
shaft manufacturing e.g. keyway milling, spline shaft
milling, etc.
Horizontal milling machine
Vertical milling machine
Components of milling machine
 Base: lowermost part to support the machine
 Column: Vertical part fixed on the base.
 Knee: The elevating screw moves it up and down
 Saddle: Mounted on the knee, supports and provides
cross feed to the worktable.
 Worktable: Movable table for clamping the workpiece.
 Over-arm: In horizontal milling machine to support the
arbor.
 Spindle: Hollow shaft driven by motor to rotate milling
cutter
 Arbor: In horizontal milling to hold and rotate milling
cutter
 Operations performed on milling
machine
 Plain milling: Up
milling and down
milling:- Machining is
done by the teeth on
the cylindrical surface
of the cutter, Finished
surface is parallel to
the axis of the cutter
 Operations performed on milling
machine
 Face milling: Machining is
done by the teeth on the flat
surface of the cutter, Finished
surface is perpendicular to the
axis of the cutter.
 Side milling: Similar to face
milling
 Side and face milling:
Machining is done by the teeth
on the flat as well as cylindrical
surface of the cutter, finished
surfaces are perpendicular as
well as parallel to the axis of
the cutter.
 Operations performed on milling
machine
 End milling: The machining is
done by the cutter teeth on the
end as well as periphery of the
cutter. It is used for machining
of complicated profiles.
 Profile milling: The cutter has
outline same as that of the
shape of the profile. It is used
for gear teeth manufacturing.
 Gang milling: Two or more
milling cutters are mounted on
the arbor. Horizontal and
vertical surfaces are machined
simultaneously.
 Operations performed on milling
machine
 Saw milling( Slitting):
The thickness of cutter is
small.(0.75 to 5 mm) It is
used for cutting deep
slots or for cutting off
operations.
 Keyway milling:
Keyways can be
prepared by using side
and face milling cutter on
horizontal milling machine
or end milling cutter on
vertical milling machine.
Peripheral and face milling