ADMIXTURE FOR CONCRETE

Chemical Admixtures

 ASTM C 494

 EN 934 – 2

 IS 9103:2003 (Amendment -
2007)
 Chemical Admixtures as per ASTM C 494

• Type Description

• A Water Reducing admixture (WRA)

• B Retarding Admixture
• C Accelerating Admixture
• D Water Reducing & Retarding Admixture
• E Water Reducing & Accelerating Admixture
• F High Range Water Reducing Admixture
• G High Range Water Reducing & Retarding Admix
 Admixture
•Definition:

•Any material other than water, aggregates, cement and

additives such as pozzolana or slag and fibre reinforcement
used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar and added to
batch immediately before or during its mixing to modify one
or more properties of concrete in the plastic or hardened
s t a t e
Concrete admixtures
 Plasticizers and Superplasticizers

– belong to a group of chemical compounds known as

dispersants

– used to reduce water, increase workability reduce

cement, increase strength, improve durability
 Dispersant - Definition

Dispersant (Dispersing Agent): Material

added to a solid in liquid suspension to prevent the
individually suspended particles from flocculating.

Dispersant
Shear

Flocculated State Dispersed State

History of Concrete Admixtures
• 1824 Production of Portland-Cement
•
1935 Plasticizers based on Ligno und Naphtalenesulph.
•
1945 First air-entraining agent (AEA) in the USA
•
1955 Plasticizers become commodities
•
1966 First Superplasticizers on Melamine base (SKW)
•
1986 First polycarboxylates in Japan
•
1992 Polyacrylates in Switzerland
•
1997 Polycarboxylates in Europe
Typical performance of water reducing
admixtures

• Modified ligninsulphonates up to 10 %
• Melamine sulphonates up to 25 %
• Naphtalene Sulphonates up to 25 %
• Polyacrylics up to 30 %
• Polycarboxylic ethers up to 40 %
 Primary Objective

• Improved workability (higher slump) at given w/c ratio

• or
• Reduction of w/c ratio for a given concrete workability
(slump)
 Other Reasons
• Reduce cost of Concrete Construction
• Achieve properties in concrete more
effectively than other means
• Ensure quality of concrete during stages of
mixing, transporting, placing and curing in
adverse weather condition
• Overcome certain emergencies during
concrete operations
 Dispersion mechanism for admixtures

entrapped water

cement
grains
Cement flocs
Admixture molecules absorb onto surface of cement
grains

admixture
hydrocarbon
molecule
tail
Cement -ve
-ve grain
-ve
Cement grains are negatively charged

-ve

-ve
-ve
-ve
Cement grains are forced apart

-ve -ve

water
released -ve
 Hydration of Portland cement

C-S-H gel
cement
grain

After mixing with water

 Hydration of Portland cement

H2O

Ca(OH)2

C-S-H gel
Semi-permeable
membrane
Morphology (shape) of superplasticiser molecules

S S S S S S
BNS
- - - - - -

Model of conventional (BNS based)

superplasticiser molecule
Effect of adding conventional admixtures

Strong
adsorption
of admixture
molecules
Cement
grain
Effect of cement hydration on
conventional admixtures

Admixture is lost

Cement
grain

C-S-H gel

Growth of hydration products

 Lignosulphonates - LS

 First generation concrete admixture

 Can be categorized as Type A & D

 Extracted from the cellulose production process

(pulp and paper industry)

 Lignin: trees (wood) natural binding agents

 Water reduction: max. 10%

 Superplasticizers

Polysulfonates
• Sulfonated Napthalene Formaldehyde (SNF or BNS)
• Sulfonated Melamine Formaldehyde (SMF)

Polycarboxylates
• FC Chemistry
• MVA Chemistry
 Basic Admixture Chemistry

CH 2 HO CH 2 NH N NHCH 2O H
n n

• Polysulfonates N N

NHCH 2SO 3M
SO 3M

• Rheobuild Series
BNS SMF

• Polycarboxylate *
CH 3
CH 2 n
CH 3
CH 2 m *
COOM CO

• Glenium 51 O CH 2CH 2O CH 3
b

FC Polymer
Sulphonated Napthalene Formaldehyde
(SNF)

 Second generation concrete admixture

 Extracted from the pit-coal tar refinery process

 Water reduction: max. 25%

 Poly Naphthalene Condensate
 Molten napthalene is reacted with Conc. Sulphuric acid at very high temp &
pressure for several hours

 Conditions of maximum ß-napthalene sulphonate is achieved

 ß-napthalene sulphonate is then reacted with formaldehyde in conc.H2SO4

under high pressure & temperature.

 Condensed napthalene sulphonic acid polymer is then reacted with alkailies

– NaOH, Ca(OH)2

 Lime treatment/filtration/polishing filtration etc… are done to remove

excessive sulphates and yield homogeneous solution of PNS.
 Polycarboxylates - PCE

 Fourth generation concrete admixture

 Based on tailor-made synthetic co-polymers

 Water reduction: up to 40%

Characteristics: CH 3 CH 3

* CH 2 CH 2 *
 Specially designed molecules
n m
COOM CO

provide high steric repulsion forces. O C H 2C H 2O CH 3

b

FC Polymer
PCE Admixture
MVA Polymer Structures

Type 1 Polymers

CH2 CH CH CH CH CH
x y z
O MOOC C=O MOOC COOH

(CH2)4 O

OH (EO)n

CH3

Type 2 Polymers

CH2 CH CH CH CH2 CH
x y z
O MOOC COOH COOH

(CH2)4

O

(EO)n-H
 PCE Admixture
•
Charge Center
Side
Chain
Length

Main Chain Length

PCE Molecule

 complex and flexible

molecules,
 comprising of main chain
 Side chains
 functional groups.
PCE Based - GLENIUM Molecules

Electrostatic
and Steric
Repulsion

GLENIUM molecules
 PCE Admixture

• Glenium 51 - New Generation Admixture

• Glenium B 233

• Glenium ACE – Zero Energy System

• Glenium SKY – Total Performance Control

• &

• Glenium Stream – Viscosity Modifying Agent

 Zero Energy System

Kinetic Energy

RHEODYNAMICTM CONCRETE

ENERGY

Thermal/Kinetic Energy
Fast Hydration Rate

GLENIUM ACE
ACE Polymer

Cement Grain
Diffusion and Adsorption of the
Molecules of GLENIUM ACE

Electrostatic and Steric

Repulsion

Molecules of GLENIUM ACE

ACE Polymer
Standard GLENIUM GLENIUM ACE

The molecules cover The molecules of the New Polymer

all the cement surface= leave>FREE SURFACE
BARRIER
The hydration of the The hydration of the
cement proceeds slowly cement proceeds rapidly
PCE Chemistry

Low Molecular Weight (MW) %

High Molecular Weight (MW)

MW
Adsorption (%)

Adsorption of polymers onto cement

over time depends
on their Molecular Weight

Time
Adsorption (%) ACE Polymer Chemistry

GLENIUM ACE
The adsorption of
Standard GLENIUM GLENIUM ACE
proceeds rapidly:
Time

No formation of
Second Barrier-
Cement
hydration is not
delayed
Time
 The higher rate of the cement hydration can be observed in
terms of:
37,5
Quicker evolution of the heat of reaction
35 20 °C PVC ACE
32,5 20°C PVC 51
30

27,5
TEMPERATURE (°C)

25

22,5

20 36

34
17,5 32

TEMPERATURE °C
15 30

28
12,5 26 Q = cp dT
10 24

22
7,5
20

5 18

,0

,0

,0

,0

,0

,0

,0

,0

,0
0

0
0,

1,

2,

3,

4,

5,

6,

7,

8,

9,
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18
2,5 TIME (hours)

0
0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0

TIME (hours)
Mechanism of Action of GLENIUM ACE
Summary:

Accelerated evolution of the heat of reaction

Rapid formation of hydration products

Decreased porosity of the cement paste/concrete

 The new nano technology
to control improved short and
long term performance of concrete
 The New Product Technology

• Glenium SKY
The Synthesis of Key Performance & Yield
 Total Performance Control

•Glenium SKY controls the two distinct features

essential for high quality concrete:

EXTENDED WORKABILITY
&
LOW WATER / CEMENT RATIO
 Conceptual Value Model of Glenium SKY
at constant low w/c ratio
Initial
slump

Glenium SKY

Traditional
PCE technology
for ready-mix concrete

30 60 90 Min.
Time
 PCE Molecule
• PC Chemistry
Charge Center
Side
Chain
Length

Main Chain Length

Advanced Admixture Science

Chemical and physical behaviour of polymers and their

interactions with cement can be controlled through:

Chain length
Side chains length
Electrical charges
Side chain density
Free functional groups

That’s: Nano-technology !
The Mechanism of Action of Glenium SKY

Standard Glenium Glenium SKY

The molecules cover

all the cement surface The molecules of the new polymer
= BARRIER leave > FREE SURFACE
The hydration of the The hydration of the
cement proceeds slowly cement proceeds rapidly
 Water reduction is controlled
by the electric charges and
by the side chains

Workability retention
(adsorption rate is controlled
by new functional monomers)

The early strength development

is controlled by the shape of the
polymer molecule (ZES technology)
- - - - - - -
The optimized chemical structure
better exploitation of the MASS of
the superplasticizer
} wasted
the minimization of the sensitivity
vs. the chemical composition of cement
Admixtures

 Evaporation Reducer - Masterkure 111CF

 Curing Compounds - Masterkure Series
 Air Entraining Admixtures - MicroAir 720
 Accelerating Admixtures - Pozzolith 100 HE
 Admixtures for Shotcrete - Meyco SA 160
 Extended Set controlling Admixtures - Delvocrete
 Corrosion inhibiting Admixture - Rheocrete CNI
 Antiwashout admixtures - RheoMAC UW 450
 Freeze-resistant admixtures - PozzuTEC 20
 Shrinkage Reducing Admixture - Tetraguard AS 21
 Internal Curing Admixtures - Rheocure 736
 Grinding Aids (Cement) - Cementium range
Thank You!!