PLANNING III

INTRODUCTION TO URBAN
& REGIONAL PLANNING
ARCH 423
PREPARED BY: AR. CHERRY ROSE ACEBEDO
 What are:
Urban and Regional Planning
Town and Country Planning
Environmental Planning
Human Settlements Planning
City Planning
Master Planning
 OVERVIEW
1. Introduction
2. Components of planning:
◦ Land use planning
◦ Transport planning
◦ Sustainable neighbourhood concept plan
3. Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture
4. Urban planning in the Philippines
“URBAN”

“REGIONAL”
 LARGER CITY

LARGE AMOUNT

URBAN
in, relating to, or characteristic of a town or city.

DISTANCE BETWEEN
BUILDINGS IS VERY
SMALL
SIGNIFICANTLY-
DEVELOPED AREA
 TERRITORIAL

A PART OF
PROVINCE

REGIONAL
relating to, characteristic of, or serving a region,
district, area, or part, as of a country; sectional; local

LOCALIZED

ZONE
DIVISION
DISTRICT
◦ Urban Planning can be defined as the design and regulation of the uses of space that focus on the physical
form, economic functions, and social impacts of the urban environment and on the location of different
activities within it.
◦ Urban planning can include urban renewal, by adapting urban planning methods to existing cities suffering
from decay and lack of investment.
COMPONENTS OF URBAN PLANNING
TRANSPORT
PLANNING

LAND USE NEIGHBOURHOOD

PLANNING CONCEPT

URBAN
PLANNING
 LAND USE PLANNING
◦ Land use planning is used by a government to manage the manner in
which the land within its jurisdiction is developed, or used. In doing
so, the governmental unit can ensure that the needs of the people are
met while natural resources are safeguarded.
◦ Land use planning means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly
disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to
securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-
being of urban and rural communities.
LAND USE PLANNING DISCIPLINES
RESIDENTIAL
PLANNING

PUBLIC OPEN COMMERCIAL

SPACE PLANNING

INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONAL
PLANNING PLANNING
RESIDENTIAL PLANNING
Promote the availability of low- and moderate-income housing
units

Promote the development of housing which will help meet the

special needs of people

Limit the intensity of residential development in those areas

subject to high community noise levels.

Increase home ownership opportunities.

COMMERCIAL PLANNING
Conveniently located and well-designed commercial development.

G
O
Commercial areas that also serve as centre's for community activity.
A
L
S
A reduction in automobile trips associated with commercial
services.

Neighbourhood commercial services that are easily accessible to

pedestrians and bicyclists.
 INSTITUTIONAL PLANNING
GOALS ◦ Ensure that new uses on previously designated institutional sites will be
compatible.
◦ Ensure that the community will have ample opportunity to guide long-term uses
of publicly owned community serving facilities.
◦ Designate alternative land uses for existing institutional sites in the event that
relocations occur.
◦ Provide institutional facilities with suggested methods of achieving visual and
physical compatibility with the surrounding community. with the surrounding
neighbourhood.
INDUSTRIAL PLANNING
GOALS
Preservation of an adequate supply of industrial land.

A reduction in traffic conflicts and congestion in industrial

areas.

The City shall require developers of large industrial projects

to designate truck access routes to freeways through non-
residential areas.
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Steps
◦ Monitoring existing conditions
◦ Identifying projected future transportation problems and needs and analyzing, through detailed
planning studies.
◦ Forecasting future population and employment growth, including assessing projected land uses in
the region and identifying major growth corridors
◦ Estimating the impact of recommended future improvements to the transportation system on
environmental features
◦ Developing a financial plan for securing sufficient revenues to cover the costs of implementing
strategies.
TYPES OF ROAD
PATTERNS
Rectangular Block Pattern Radial and Block Pattern

Radial and Grid Pattern

Radial and Circular pattern

THE CUL-DE-SAC PATTERN
◦ Cul-de-sac means dead end, close, no through road or
dead-end street with only one inlet / outlet.

◦ In urban planning cul-de-sac are created to limit

through-traffic in residential areas

◦ Cul-de-sac and loop streets can reduce the size of any

given neighbourhood to a single street
NEIGHBOURHOOD
PART I PART II PART III PART IV

CONCEPT PLAN
SUSTAINABLE
The End‐State the plans and conceptual One of the
goals for the opportunities design top
Sustainable for land use guidelines are recommended
Neighbourhood and systems outlined. The actions is to
are presented and are presented, purpose of the coordinate
explored, as well explained, and guidelines is to development
as the policy rationalized convey a sense and planning
context and based on the of the with the
information that is costs and character and hospital
specific to the benefits. intent for the project that is
Sustainable neighbourhoo proceeding, to
Neighbourhood d. ensure that the
mutual
benefits for
the City are
realized.
Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture
1. THE
SUPPORTS

5. FREE
DESIGN OF
2. THE ROOF
THE FACADE. GARDENS

4. THE 3. THE FREE

HORIZONTAL DESIGNING OF
WINDOW THE GROUND-
PLAN
“RURAL” “ENVIRONMENTAL”
COUNTRYSIDE OFTEN AGRICULTURALLY-BASED

RURAL
Relating to the country and the people who
live there instead of the city

SPARSELY
POPULATED
LOW POPULATION
AREA
 CLIMATE CHANGE
NATURAL FORCES

LIVING ORGANISM

ENVIRONMENTAL
Relating to the natural world and the impact of
human activity on its condition
SOIL
PERSON’S
SURROUNDINGS
PLANS AND
ANIMALS
Urban/Rural Classification
In the Philippines, “urban” areas fall under the following categories:
1. In there entirety, all municipal jurisdiction which, whether designated chartered cities, provincial capital or not, have a
population density of at least 1,000 persons per square kilometers: all barangays;
2. Poblaciones or central districts of municipalities and cities which have a population density of at least 500 persons
per square kilometers
3. Poblaciones or central district not included in (1) and (2) regardless of the population size which have the following:
• Street pattern or network of streets in either parallel or right angel orientation;
• At least six establishments (commercial, manufacturing, recreational and/or personal services);
• At least three of the following:
◦ A town hall, church or chapel with religious services at least once a month
◦ A public plaza, park or cemetery
◦ A market place, or building, where trading activities are carried on at least once a week.
◦ A public building, like school, hospital, puericulture and health center or library.
4. Barangays having a least 1,000 inhabitants which meet the conditions set forth in (3) above and where the occupation
of the inhabitants is predominantly non-framing or fishing.
What is Planning?
Definition of planning
◦: the act or process of making or carrying
out plansspecifically : the establishment of goals,
policies, and procedures for a social or economic unit
PLANNING
◦ Goal Identification
◦ Objective Identification
◦ Place-making
◦ Organization
◦ Strategy making
◦ Involves allocation
◦ Outlining of task
◦ Process
◦ Discipline
ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
Also know as urban and regional planning, city planning, town
and country planning, human settlements planning.

It also refers to the multi-disciplinary art and science of

analyzing, specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing and
regulating the use and development of land and water
resources, in relation to their environs, for the development of
sustainable communities and ecosystem. (RA 10587)
Theories of Urban and Regional Planning-
Land Use Patterns
 Comprehensive Planning
◦ The master plan or general plan, the comprehensive plan represents
the most significant concept of the 20th Century. The underlying idea
is that the long-term plan (20-30 years) for the overall physical
development od an entire are or city can be used to organize and
direct the social, economic, political and physical forces within urban
or regional area in a rational and productive manner. This plan is an
official public document involving not only a set of goals but also a
policy to attain those goals.
 Comprehensive Planning
◦ HEALTH

G Requiring sufficient road within new subdivisions to ensure ambulances and fire
equipment has adequate access foe emergency.

O Planning for a street geometry that permits children to walk from home to school
without crossing major thoroughfares.

A In high crime areas, laying out patterns of buildings and spaces that provide fewer sites
where muggings and robberies can be committed unobserved.
L ◦ CIRCULATION
Providing the community with adequate circulation may mean:
S 1. A system of street, parking facilities that make possible an orderly, efficient, and
rapid flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
2. Providing for adequate public transportation.
 Comprehensive Planning
◦ PROVISION OF SERVICES AND FACILITIES

G Determining the location of facilities as parks, recreation areas, schools, social services,
hospital, etc.

O Plan for a pattern of land use that facilitates the provision of public services (police and
fire protection, water and sewers.)

A ◦ FISCAL HEALTH
There is a relationship between the pattern of development and fiscal situation of the
community:
L 1. Any development will impose some cost on the community and generate revenues
for the municipality.
S 2. Fiscal zoning – the use of its land-use controls to keep out types of housing or
economic activity that are likely to cost the community more for additional services
than they yield in additional revenue.
 Comprehensive Planning
◦ ECONOMIC GOALS

G Economic growth or maintenance of existing level of economic activity as to develop a

pattern of land use that provides for commercial and industrial sites, provides good
access to such sites, and facilities supplying utilities to such sites.
O ◦ ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

A It might involve:

1. Restriction on building in wetlands, steep slopes or other ecological valuable or
fragile lands.
L 2. Preservation of open spaces, ordinance to control discharge into water bodies,
prohibition of limitation on commercial or industrial activities that would degrade
S air quality, etc.
◦ REDISTRIBUTIVE GOALS
Distribution downward both wealth and influence in the political process.
 COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
THE LAND USE PLAN
The functional elements and supportive studies: Additional elements which are optional but are
A. Capital improvements required for local governments with a population
greater than 50,000:
B. Future land use plan
A. Mass transit
C. Traffic circulation
B. Port, aviation, and related facilities plan
D. Sanitary sewer, solid waste, drainage and
C. Non-automotive vehicular (bicycle) and
potable water pedestrian traffic.
E. Conservation D. Off-street parking
F. Recreation and open space E. Public buildings and related facilities
G. Housing F. Community design
H. Coastal management (for coastal jurisdiction G. General area redevelopment
only) H. Safety
I. Inter-governmental coordination I. Historic and scenic preservation
J. Economic development
 URBAN DESIGN
Urban Design Falls between the professions of planning and Architecture.
o It deals with large-scale organization and design of a city, with the massing and organization of buildings and the
space between them, but not with the design of the individual building.
o It deals with a large scale, such as entire neighborhood or cities, and will long time frames, frequently 15 to 20 years.
o Deals with a number of variables such as transportation, neighborhood identity, pedestrian orientation and climate.
This complexity, combined with the long periods of time involved, results in an environment characterized by high
uncertainty.
o Considers the entire city, beyond the bounds of the city and understand how the city functions as part of the larger
region. E.b. how the transportation system of the city relates to surrounding suburbs and communities.
o Involves a spectrum of social, cultural and physical design issues.
o Urban design in concerned with the physical form of cities, buildings and the space between them, the study of
urban design deals with:
a) The relationship between the physical form of the city and the social forces which produce it.
b) It focuses, in particular on the physical character of the public realm but is also concerned with the interaction
between the public and rivate development and the resulting impact on the urban form.
 CRITERIA'S THAT AFFECT THE SUCCESS
OF AN URBAN DESIGN PROJECT:
a. Unity and coherence
b. Minimum conflict between pedestrians
and vehicles
c. Protection from rain, noise, wind and so
on.
d. Easy orientation for users
e. Compatibility of land uses
f. Availability of places to rest, observe, and
meet
g. Creation of sense of security and
pleasantness.
◦ Can users find their way from one place to
another without confusion or fear? Are the
signs easily understood? Are major pedestrian
areas well lighted in the evening to find the
user’s way easily and safely?
◦ Another important functional criteria is safety.
Separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic
reduces accidents. Yet the spaces and
circulation area must be organized so that they
can be readily accessible to emergency vehicles
and can accommodate delivery vehicles to the
shops we find so desirable along pedestrians
streets.
URBAN DESIGN
TYPES
 URBAN RENEWAL
a. Eliminating substandard housing
b. Revitalizing city economies
c. Constructing good housing
d. Reducing de facto segregation
e. Urban Renewal involves the following:
Demolition of structures on a existing urban area
and rebuilding.
Development of a large number standard housing
facility for a set of residents more on the medium
to medium-low income brackets of society.
Facilitation of economic growth or in more
desperate cases, measures to retard the loss of
economic activity.
Attempts to increase the quality and sometimes
the quality of the city’s housing stock.
Attempts to sustain or improve some particular
commercial functions of the city, most commonly
retailing.
Furtherance of urban design goals attempts to
beautify or de-uglify a downtown street might be
tied to attempts to increase downtown retailing
activity that might be part of a larger effort aimed
to employment expansion.
Provision of variety of service as social services:
day care, job training, or drug rehabilitation.
Service provision is likely to be directed primarily
to less affluent segments of the community’s
population.
 URBAN REGENERATION
They should make a successful economic
contribution to the regeneration of the area
and be financially viable;
They should act as a catalyst for further
regeneration and development in the area,
thus creating a self-sustaining momentum
with long term benefits;
They should contribution to the community
spirit and cohesion by raising levels of
confidence in the long term living and
working environment of the local area and
should contribute to building the capacity of
local people.
They should contribute to environmental
sustainability.
They should have been completed to the point
where there is a track record of success.
Represented best, rather than good or average
practice;
Provides evidence of the desirability on
involving an appropriate range of partners and
taking action on a number of fronts;
Places an emphasis on the need to consider and
plan for the long term, development,
management and continued operation of
scheme or project
Display qualities of imagination, innovation,
inspiration and determination.
 URBAN REDELOPMENT
◦Uplifting or upgrading of an urban area is Urban
Redevelopment.
 URBAN RENAISSANCE
◦This type of URBAN DESIGN is centered on
historical preservation or cultural preservation of an
area of great historical or cultural values. Land uses
maybe changed in proposals. However, existing
structures that depicts the preserved history or culture
is enhanced.