Overview of the Comprehensive Land

Use Plan (CLUP) & the Comprehensive

Development Plan (CDP)

Christopher F. Gilos, PAE, REB, REA, EnP

 CLUP and CDP
• In an ideal scenario, a particular local government
unit (LGU) manages its own growth and change
through a body of plans with varying scope and
time frame.
• The term “ideal”, however, does not imply a
utopian, unrealistic or unattainable dream. It
simply means a scenario that does not exist as
yet.
• Nevertheless, it is the scenario that the Local
Government Code (LGC) of 1991 (RA 7160) wants
every LGU to achieve.
 CLUP and CDP
• Section 20 of the LGC mandates LGUs to
prepare a comprehensive land use plan (CLUP)
enacted through a zoning ordinance
• Sections 106 and 109 of the same Code
mandate the LGUs to prepare comprehensive
multi-sectoral development plans or
comprehensive development plan (CDP) and public
investment programs
 CLUP and CDP
• These plans influence public and private sector investments which
have the cumulative effects of making available goods and services of
high quality, and making these more accessible to the people, thereby
raising the level of their well-being.
• Any change in the level of welfare of the population, on one hand is
expected to create corresponding changes in the character and
configuration of the land and other physical resources of the locality.
• On the other hand, any improvement in the level of social and
economic well-being of the local population will almost always entail
deterioration in the quality or quantity of the physical environment.
• How to achieve development objectives without necessarily sacrificing
the environment poses a major challenge to local development
planning and management.
The 4 CLUP Policy Areas
THE COMPREHENSIVE
DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Holistic
Integrated
Seamless
Comprehensive
Development
What is a Comprehensive Development Plan ?

• The document/s , including maps, charts and

other materials embodying goals and
objectives, policy guidelines strategies and
proposals for over-all socio-economic growth
and development of the area

– Source – The Language of Environmental Planning in the

Philippines , by Endriga, Elum, Yap and Alcalde, School of Urban
and Regional Planning, University of the Philippines, Quezon
City, 2004
What is a Comprehensive Development Plan ?

• It has also been defined as an integrated series of decision

documents, including maps specifying the nature of future
physical, social, economic and environmental development
of the Urban Zone as outlined in the Concept Plan, consisting
of, among others, a land use plan, including area phasing,
sectoral programs, land acquisition and disposition programs
and capital improvement programs
– Source : The Language of Environmental Planning in the Philippines ,
ibid.
Why Comprehensive & Integrated ?
• It covers the entire territorial jurisdiction of the local
government unit ( city or municipality) ( forest, lowland,
coastal );
• It incorporates national policies and links (or is integrated
)with other (higher level) plans;
• It is based on the detailed scientific analysis of socio-
economic (including demographic), physical and
environmental data and projected conditions of the planning
area; and
• It contains multi - sectoral goals, plans, strategies programs
and projects , e.g., for production, settlements development
and protection .
 What is a LAND USE PLAN ???
An essential component of the
comprehensive development plan, it
designates the future use or reuse of the
land and the structure built upon the land
within a given jurisdiction’s planning
area and the policies and reasoning used
in arriving at the decisions in the plan
It projects public and private land
uses in accordance with the planned
spatial organization of economic and
social activities and the traffic of goods
and people
 What is Land Use Planning ?
• It is the systematic approach / process for
identifying, classifying and locating urban land, which
is achieved by analyzing the socio-economic needs of
the population in consideration of the physical and
natural attributes of a city / municipality

– Source: National Urban Development and Housing

Framework
 Relationships of Dev’t. & Land Use Plans
Medium Term Philippine National Framework
Development Plan for Physical Planning
National
National Urban Development
and Housing Framework

Regional Physical
Regional Regional Development Plan Framework Plan

Provincial Development Plan Provincial Physical

Provincial Framework Plan

Comprehensive Land
Comprehensive Development
Use Plan (CLUP)
City / Plan
Municipal
Local Shelter Plan

Zoning Ordinance
 Who are the Actors in Planning ?

Government

Private Sector Development Council Civil Society

Professional Staff
 Why Plan ? ??
Land is a finite resource but
population continues to grow year after
year requiring more land for housing
and other urban uses, agricultural areas
for food production and more forest for
timber production and watershed
protection. Therefore, the need to
allocate land judiciously and
discriminately
 LEGAL BASES of PLANNING

Constitutional Provisions on National

Economy and Patrimony - Article XII, 1987
Constitution

Local Government Code

- Sec. 447 and 458, R.A. 7160

Existing Laws on Land Use Planning

 Constitutional Principles
• “The use of property bears a social function, and all
economic agents shall contribute to the common
good. Individuals and private groups… shall have
the right to own, establish, and operate economic
enterprises, subject to the duty of the State to
promote distributive justice and to intervene when
the common good so demands.”
- Art. XII, Sec. 6
 Powers of Local Governments
• Generate and maximize the use of resources and
revenues for the development plans, program
objectives and priorities of the city as provided for
under Section 18 of the Code, with particular
attention to agro-industrial development and city-
wide growth and progress, and relative thereto,
shall:
– Prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of
property within the jurisdiction of the city / municipality ;
– Adopt a comprehensive land use plan for the city/
municipality;
 Powers of Local Governments

• Regulate activities relative to the use of land,

buildings and structures within the city/
municipality in order to promote the general
welfare ;
– Source: Sec 447 and 458, subsec (a) (2) of R.A. 7160
 Existing Laws on Land Use Planning

• P.D. 933 as amended by E.O. 648 Series of

1981 and E.O. 90, Series of 1986 - HLURB

• Executive Order 72 Series of 1993 – land

reclassification

• Sec. 6 of R.A. 7279 (UDHA)

• Sec. 4 of R.A. 8435 (AFMA)

Why the Urgency of Planning ???
• Continuing unmet needs of existing population as well as
projected increasing population for land for various
uses;
• Demand for more cheap and accessible land for urban
development;
• Continuing issues / problems on conversion of
agricultural land to urban uses.
• Accelerating transmigration of rural poor to Cities/Urban
Areas, seeking employment.
• Ongoing environmental degradation;
• Fragmented laws constrain development
 Objectives of Land Use Planning

1. Promote the efficient utilization, acquisition and

disposition of land as a limited resources;
a) Make sure there is enough for our future generations to use and
enjoy while addressing the needs of the present times

2. Influence, direct and harmonize decisions and

activities of the public and the private sectors
affecting the use, management and disposition of
lands;
 Objectives of Land Use Planning

3. Reconcile land use conflicts between and among

individuals and government agencies relating to
present needs and anticipated demands for land;
4. Promote desirable and efficient patterns of land
uses and prevent premature and wasteful
development and minimize the cost of public
facilities, services and infrastructure;
 Objectives of Land Use Planning

5. Protect and preserve valuable agri-

cultural areas consistent with the need to
promote industrialization;

6. Maintain ecological balance thru Control of

development in critical areas such as flood
plains and watershed areas;

7. Integrate programs and projects on land

resources development among land
development agencies;
 Objectives of Land Use Planning

8. Conserve areas of ecological, aesthetic

and historical values and maintain and
protect natural open areas and areas of
significant views;
9. Promote and implement a shelter plan
• Thru Identification of sites suitable
for housing; and
10. Promote an efficient circulation system
 Overview of the Process
• It utilizes the planning methodology which includes:
data gathering, problem identification and situational
analysis; goals / objectives formulation; generation
of alternative spatial strategies; evaluation and
selection of preferred strategy; formulation of the
plan; adoption, review and approval; and
implementation and monitoring
– Source: National Urban Development and Housing
Framework
 The NUDHF and Planning
• The framework shall refer to the comprehensive plan for urban and
urbanizable areas aimed at achieving the objectives of the Program. In the
formulation of the Framework, a review and rationalization of existing
town and land use plans, housing programs, and all other objectives and
activities of government agencies and the private sectors which may
substantially affect urban land use patterns, transportation and public
utilities, infrastructure, environment and population movement shall be
undertaken with the concurrence of the local government units
concerned.
– Source : Sec. 6, R.A. 7279
Agricultural Considerations in Planning
HLURB to review and ensure
• AFMA (RA 8435) integration of SAFDZ in all CLUPs
– Sec 4. – Local
government units
shall continue to
prepare CLUPs but
must integrate
NPAAAD and
SAFDZ in land use
plans and zoning

– LGUs given one year to

complete CLUPs
Forestry Considerations in Planning
• NIPAs Law (RA 7586)
– Declared protected
areas as not subject to
settlement,
disposition or
development
– Called for the
establishment of
Protected Area
Management Boards

Each PAMB may promulgate

own land use and
management program
 Steps in CLUP Preparation

IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ISSUES AND

1 ASSUMPTIONS

DATA COLLECTION AND INVENTORY

STAGE 1
2
SITUATION
ANALYSIS
SITUATION ANALYSIS
3 PUBLIC
CONSULATION
NUMBER 1

GOALS/OBJECTIVES SETTING
4
 DEVELOPMENT

GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVE SPATIAL

STAGE 2 5 STRATEGIES
CONCEPTUA- PUBLIC
LIZATION CONSULATION
NUMBER 2
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF PREFERRED
SPATIAL STRATEGY
6

DETAILING AND REFINEMENT OF PREFERRED

STRATEGY
STAGE 3 7
DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING

FORMULATION POLICIES AND

8 IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

30
 PUBLIC
CONSULATION
PLAN ADOPTION AND LEGITIMIZATION NUMBER 3
STAGE 4 9
PLAN IMPLE-
MENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND

10 FEEDBACK
 Recent HLURB Initiatives Recognizing
Value of Land Use Planning
• Dispensing with Certificate of Exemption as Requirement for
Issuance of Development Permit and License to Sell of
Housing Projects Located in Areas Zoned for Residential Zone
in duly approved CLUPs
– Res No. 725 s 1992; Res 725-A s 1993;

• Dispensing with Order of Conversion as Pre- License

Requirement for Housing Projects in Areas Zoned for
Residential Use in duly approved CLUPs
– Res No. 768 s 1993
 Conclusions
• Preparation of a Good Local Comprehensive Development
Plan, one that is Strategic and Participatory in Approach, is
essential prerequisite for successful LGU plans for the benefit
of its constituents

• Properly Prepared Comprehensive Land Use Plan will

eventually obviate need for piece-meal approval of conversion
of agricultural lands;

• Suitable Location of Housing and other Developmental

Projects best determined in Land Use Plan;

• Site development plans of housing projects must be consistent

with comprehensive development and land use plan
 Harmonized CLUP and CDP
• The preparation of the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) and the Comprehensive
Development Plan (CDP) is imperative as these
two local plans are mandated to be formulated
and/or updated.
– Local planning at the provincial level involves the
integration of both the physical framework and the
development plan in one document; while at the city
and municipal level, it focuses on the preparation of
the LGU’s multi-sectoral (or comprehensive)
development plan (CDP), which springs from a process
that, at a certain point also yields a comprehensive
land use plan (CLUP).
 Harmonized CLUP and CDP
• The DILG formulates strategies in harmonizing
the procedures in the CLUP and the CDP
preparation and how data from these major
plans fit together.
– The need to harmonize the CLUP and the CDP is in
keeping with the harmonization and
rationalization efforts among national government
agencies to address a simplified planning process
for LGUs.
 Harmonized CLUP and CDP
integrated with DRR/CCA
• Conceptually distinct climate change adaptation (CCA)
and disaster risk reduction (DRR) are mandated to be
mainstreamed in the development plans of local
government units in the Philippines using integrated
frameworks for vulnerability analysis and the
development of climate-resilient local Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP) and Comprehensive
Development Plan (CDP) prescribed by the national
government.
– The integration of CCA and DRR in the Philippines came
after the failure of the passive disaster management,
utilized since 1954, to prepare and response to disasters
caused by extreme weather events of climate change.
 Harmonized CLUP and CDP
integrated with DRR/CCA
• Major convergence points in the preparation of the
CLUP and the CDP in terms of the vision statement:
– “There should only be one vision statement for both the
CLUP and the CDP. It is highly desirable that the visioning
exercise be done during the CLUP preparation stage.”
– “The vision statement for the locality should incorporate,
directly or indirectly the generic goals of physical planning
in the country as embodied in higher level plans.”

• Include DRR/CCA concepts in the vision (e.g.,

"safety," "secured," "climate resilient," "climate
proof," etc.)
• Step no. 3 – setting the vision
Integration of CCA and DRR measures and
strategies in LGU’s CLUP and CDP
 Climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction
(DRR) have always been treated as two distinct epistemic
communities in scholarly literature
 The two coexist, but they are operationalized independently
of one another.
 Separate laws on climate change (CC) and disaster risk reduction and
management (DRRM), namely, the Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729)
and the Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of
2010 (RA 10121), respectively.
 They are implemented by separately funded national government
agencies - the Climate Change Commission (CCC) and the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).
 Both laws mandate local government units (LGUs), namely, provinces,
cities, municipalities, and barangays (villages), to mainstream their
local CCA and DRR plans to their local development plans.
 Integration of CCA and DRR measures and
strategies in LGU’s CLUP and CDP
• Theoretically speaking, it is inconceivable to integrate CCA and DRR
primarily because of their temporal and spatial nuances.
– According to generally accepted views, CC-induced hazards and
disasters are less predictable because they are based on projections of
the atmospheric and ocean conditions which are still to happen in the
future, while non-CC-related hazards and disasters are studied based
on historical records and, hence, are relatively predictable.
– Second, due to the uncertainties in projecting CC, its impacts are
difficult to calculate, while those in DRRM are easily discernible
because it relies on records to determine the extent of damages that
can be caused by particular hazards in the future.
– Third, in terms of origin, CC originated from scientific theory, while
DRRM evolved out of the need to provide humanitarian assistance to
disaster victims

• There are many other points of divergence between the two, but
there are also points of convergence, the most important of which
is to reduce risk and enhance resilience.
Integration of CCA and DRR measures
and strategies in LGU’s CLUP and CDP
 Integration of CCA and DRR measures
and strategies in LGU’s CLUP and CDP
• The operational plans of the CCC's National Climate
Change Action Plan (NCCAP) and the NDRRMC's National
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan (NDRRMP)
have integrated the activities of both fields.

• In the NDRRMP, all DRR phases (i.e., mitigation and

prevention, preparation, rescue and relief, and recovery
and rehabilitation) integrate two major priority areas of the
CCC's NCCAP, namely, "human security agenda" and
"ecosystem and environmental stability”.

• Majority of these integrated CCA and DRR operational

activities can be mainstreamed in the local development
plans of LGUs.
Thank You !