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Without Gallery
With Gallery
3) Pressure due to Earthquake Forces
i) Horizontal acceleration
ii) Vertical acceleration
1) Inertia force:
Effect of Horizontal acceleration
2) Hydrodynamic Pressure:
Von-Karman
Effect of Vertical acceleration
F‹32 km
F›32 km
5) Silt Pressure
W1 W2 W3
Ex: Figure shows the section of gravity dam (non-overflow section)
built of concrete. Compute the following
1)Water pressure
2)Uplift pressure
3)Earthquake pressure
4)Weight of the dam
5)Wave pressure
Consider specific weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3 and fetch = 12 km,
Wind velocity 80 kmph, αh = 0.1 g
1)Water pressure
2)Uplift pressure
3)Earthquake pressure
5)Wave pressure
FS> 1
3) Compression or crushing at the toe
Assumption:
2) The dam is considered to be composed of number of vertical
cantilevers each of 1 m thick. They act independent of each other.
3) The dam and its foundation behave as a single unit
4) The external loads are resisted entirely by the weight of individual
cantilevers
5) The dam is composed of isotropic and homogeneous material
6) The stresses developed in dam’s body and its foundation are
within the elastic limits.
a) Analytical Method
• Consider unit length of the dam
• Calculate the magnitude & direction of all V force, ∑ V
• All Horizontal force H, ∑ H
• Compute all force about toe
• Calculate the Moment @ toe [ Clock & Anti Clock wise]
• Find O M [∑ Mo] & R M [∑ MR] @ toe. Find ∑ M = ∑ MR - ∑ Mo
• Location of Resultant force R from toe
8) Find Eccentricity e
FS> 1.5
12) Find the FS against sliding
The earthquake forces are equal to 0.1 g for horizontal force and
0.05 g for vertical forces. The uplift pressure is taken equal to the
hydrostatic pressure at either ends and is assumed to act over 2/3
area of section. Take unit weight of concrete equal to 24 kN/m3.
Also find the principal and shear stress at the toe and heel of the
dam.
b) Graphical Method
1 Divide the entire section of dam into horizontal sections 1-1, 2-2, 3-
3, etc. at some suitable interval or at places where slope changes.
2. For each section, compute the sum of all the horizontal forces
(∑H) and vertical (∑ V) acting about that particular section
3. Locate the line of action of resultant graphically for each section
4. Join all the points where individual resultant cuts the individual
section. Thus a single line is obtained
5. This line represents the resultant force and it should lie within the
middle third of base width, for no tension to develop
6. Adopt the same procedure for reservoir full condition as well as
reservoir empty condition.
7. The resultant for both the cases must lie in the middle third of the
base width.
Elementary profile of a Gravity Dam
a) Reservoir empty condition
b) Reservoir full condition
1) Stress Criterion
2) Stability or Sliding Criterion
Normal stress in elementary profile under reservoir full condition
Principal stress in elementary profile
1)Free board
2) Top Width
Limiting Height of a Gravity Dam: High and low Gravity dam
Galleries:
A gallery is an opening or passage left in the body of the dam.
Shear keys or Key Ways
Foundation Treatment in Gravity Dam
1) Preparation of Surface
2) Grouting the foundation
Prepared by,
Dr. Dhruvesh Patel
www.drdhruveshpate
l.com
Source: www.google.com
Sincere thanks to Mahajan Publishing house for photographs and supplement materials.