ESTIMATION

&
SPECIFICATION
PRESENTED BY
APARNA.B.RAJ
NEVIN GLADSON
STEVE STEPHEN
 ROOFING-
SPECIFICATION&ESTIMATION
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Types of roofing- specification
• 1.Mangalore tiled roof
• 2.Corrugated Galvanised Iron Roofing
• 3.Asbestos Cement Corrugated sheet roofing
• 4. semi- Corrugated sheet roofing
• Reference
INTRODUCTION
• Specification
• The cost of work depends up on its specification.
• Specification specifies or describes the nature and the class of the work, materials
to be used in the work, workmanship, etc
• From the study of the specifications one can easily understand the nature
of the work and what the work shall be.
TYPES OF ROOFING- SPECIFICATION &
ESTIMATION
• Here we discuss the specification and estimation of following type roofing
• 1.Mangalore tiled roof
• 2.Corrugated Galvanised Iron Roofing
• 3.Asbestos Cement Corrugated sheet roofing
• 4. semi- Corrugated sheet roofing
1.MANGALORE TILED ROOF
SPECIFICATION
• (a)Materials
(1) Battens (reepers) shall be from first class well seasoned structural
timber in accordance with IS : 883-1970. The size shall be 50 x 25 mm unless otherwise designed, sawing truly straight.
Battens shall be treated for protection against decay and termites in accordance with IS : 401-1982.
Tiles shall be regular in shape and size, free from flaws, chips, well burnt with an uniform dark red colour and shall
give a clear ringing sound when struck. Tiles shall not absorb water more than 1/6 the of their weight and conform to
IS : 654-1972. Ridge tiles shall conform to IS : 1464-1973
(iii) Nails for fixing battens shall be galvanised plain head nails of size 2.50 mm or 2.24 mm conforming to IS : 723-
1972
(iv) Wire for tying down the tiles shall be galvanized conforming to IS : 280-1978.

• (b)Fixing of battens:
The battens shall be fixed over rafters at the designed spacing and nailed. The nails shall penetrate at least 2cm
into the rafters.
…..CONTD
• (C) Laying of tiles:
• The tiles shall be laid from the eaves towards the ridge properly interlocked according
to the design of the tile. Tiles shall be laid breaking joint that is, the left channel of the upper tile shall lie in the right channel of that
below and shall fit properly one to another, the catches resting fully against battens.
• Special Mangalore ridge tiles shall be edge-bedded in composite mortar 1:2:9 (one part cement, two part
lime and 9 parts sand) or lime mortar 1 : 3 (one part lime and three parts sand) and shall cover the hips and
ridges of the roof. Tiles to be set in mortar shall first be soaked in water at least two hours before laying. The
joints between hip and ridge tiles shall be grouted with composite mortar in the proportion as specified above,
so as to be leak proof. The eaves line and the ridge line shall be perfectly straight, horizontal and parallel to
each other.
• Special care shall be taken to provide an undisturbed channel at valley.
• Valley gutters shalls be minimum 1.25 mm thick and 1.2 m wide galvanized steel sheet The valley gutterrs shall be laid over the
battens and not nailed on to them from underneath. On either side of the valley, the roof shall be plastered with
mortar as specified before to a thickness of 12 mm.
…..CONTD
• (d)Protective measure against wind:
To prevent the tiles of the roof from being blown up by wind, atleast the lower most course of
tiles of the roof shall be tied to the battens or other roof structure by means of galvanised wire.
• (e) Slope
Roof shall not be pitched at a flatter slope than 1 vertical to 5 horizontal. The normal pitch
adopted shall usually be 1 vertical to 3 horizontal.
• Estimation &Measurements
• The length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm. Area shall be worked out in sqm
correct to two places of decimal. Ridges, hips and valleys shall be measured separately in
running meters. If set in mortar it shall be stated separately.
2. CORRUGATED GALVANISED IRON
ROOFING(CGI)
 SPECIFICATION & ESTIMATION
• (a) Corrugated Galvanised Iron sheets :
• C.G.I. sheets shall be of the specified gauge. If the gauge is not specified, they shall be 0.63 mm thick (24 B.G.) The sheets
shall be free from twist or buckle and shall have uniform corrugations, true in depth and pitch, and parallel to the sides of the sheet.
The galvanizing shall be clean and undamaged in the carriage by the rubbing of zinc covering and free from ungalvanised spot or other
defects.
• (b) Laying :
• Sheets shall be laid on wooden or steel purlins as indicated on the working drawing. According to I.S. specification 277-1962 an end lap
of 15 cm in the lengthwise direction and side laps of two corrugations shall be provided. In ridges and hips where plain sheets are used
a lap of 23 cm shall be maintained.
• The roof slope shall not be laid flatter than 1 in 4 if not otherwise specially mentioned.
• Holes for hook bolts etc., shall be drilled but not punched in the ridges of the corrugations from the
underside while the sheets are on the ground.
• A sheet shall be fixed on every purlin passing under it at least at three places at regular intervals. Care shall be taken so that all holes,
on the corrugation shall occur in the ridge of the sheet as laid.
• Sheets shall be fixed to the purlins by means of 8 mm diameter galvanised hook bolts and nuts with a washer of bitumen, and a limpet
washer in each fixation. The diameter of the holes in the washer shall be same as the G.I. bolts or hook bolts. All nuts shall be tightened
from top of a sheet uniformly to give a leak-proof covering.
• Wind Ties : If specified wind ties of 40mm x 12mm flat iron shall be fixed at the end laps and eaves of the sheets.The fixing shall be
done with the same hook bolts which secure the sheets to the purlins.
 ESTIMATION &MEASUREMENTS
• Estimation & Measurements
• In CPWD specification the CGI sheet is replaced by Corrugated Galvanised Steel( CGS)
sheet
• The length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm. Area shall be worked out in sqm correct to two
places of decimal.
• The superficial area of roof covering shall be measured on the flat without allowance for laps and corrugations.
Portion of roof covering overlapping the ridge or hip etc shall be included in the measurements of the roof.
• Roof with curved sheets shall be measured and paid for separately. Measurements shall be taken on the flat
and not girthed.
• No deduction in measurement shall be made for opening upto 0.4 sqm and nothing extra shall be allowed for
forming such openings. For any opening exceeding 0.4 sqm in area, deduction in measurements for the full
opening shall be made and in such cases the labour involved in making these openings shall be paid for
separately. Cutting across corrugation shall be measured on the flat and not girthed. No additions shall be made
for laps cut through.
 ….CONTD
Rate
• The rate shall include the cost of all the materials and labour involved in all the operations described above
including a coat of approved steel primer and two coats of approved steel paint on overlapping of C.G.S. sheets
.This includes the cost of roof sheets, galvanised iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts galvanised iron seam bolts and
nuts, bituminous and galvanised iron limpet washers etc.

Fixing
• Ridges and hips shall be fixed to the purlins below with the same 8 mm dia G.I. hook bolts and nuts and bitumen and
G.I. limpet washers which fix the sheets to the purlins.
• At least one of the fixing bolts shall pass through the end laps of ridges and hips, on either side. If this is not possible
extra hook bolts shall be provided.
• The end laps of ridges and hips shall be joined together with C.G.S sheet by galvanised iron seam bolts 25 x 6 mm size
each with a bitumen and G.I. washer or white lead as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. There shall be at least two such
bolts in each end lap.
 ….CONTD

• Measurement
• The measurements shall be taken for the finished work in length along
the centre line of ridge or hip, as the case may be, correct to a cm. The
laps in ridges and hips and between ridges and hips shall not be
measured.
• Rate
• The rate shall include the cost of all labour and materials specified above,
including painting, cost of seam bolts and any extra G.I. hook bolts, nuts
and washers, required.
3. ASBESTOS CEMENT CORRUGATED SHEETROOFING
SPECIFICATION & ESTIMATION
• Asbestos Cement Corrugated Sheet Roofing : -
(a) Materials :
The sheets shall be of the specified approved quality, and shall conform in all respects to the I.S.
specification No. IS 459-1962. The sheets shall be free from all cracks, chipped edges or corners and
any other damages.
(b)Frame work
The sheets shall be laid on the purlins and battens as per working drawing. The maximum spacing of
purlins under the sheets shall be 1.6m in the case of 7mm thick sheets. For 6mm thick sheet the
spacing of purlins shall be 1.4m.
(c) Laying :
The sheet shall be laid with the smooth side upwards and the first sheet shall be laid uncut starting at
the eaves. The side lap shall be of half a corrugation and an end lap of 15 cm minimum. Side laps should
be laid on the side facing away from the prevailing monsoon winds. The free overhang of the
corrugated sheets at the eaves shall not exceed 30 cm.
 …….CONTD
• Slope :
• The roof slope shall not be flatter than 1 vertical to 5 horizontal. Normal slope shall be usually 1 vertical to 2 horizontal or as specified.
• Fixing :
• The sheets shall be fixed to purlins from top of corrugations through 9.5mm dia. holes
(1.5 mm greater than the dia. of -the screws) drilled but not punched to receive 8 mm dia. galvanised iron J or L hook
and nuts.
• The grip of the J or L hook bolt on the side of the purlin shall not be less than 25 mm.
Each G. I. J or L hook bolt shall have a bitumen washer and a galvanised iron washer placed over the sheet before the
nut is screwed down from above.
• Wind ties :
• Unless otherwise specified wind ties shall be of 40 x 6 mm flat iron section and shall be fixed at the eave ends of the
sheets. The fixing shall be done with the same hook bolts which secure the sheets to the purlin.
• Ridges and hips - Ridges and hips shall be of the same manufacture as the corrugated sheets used for the roof. The
sections shall be free from cracks, chipped edges or comers. The.ridge sections shall be laid as per manufacturer's
instruction.
 ESTIMATION &MEASUREMENTS
• Estimation & Measurements
• In CPWD specification the asbsetos material is now replaced by non asbestos material and it is specified as
NON-ASBESTOS HIGH IMPACT POLY PROPYLENE REINFORCED CEMENT CORRUGATED SHEET
ROOFING.
• Measurements
• Length and breadth shall be measured correct to a cm and its area shall be calculated in square metres correct to two
places of decimal.
• No deductions in measurements shall be made for opening upto 0.4 sqm and nothing extra shall be allowed for
forming such opening. For any opening exceeding 0.4 sqm in area, deduction in measurements for the full opening shall
be made and in such cases the labour involved in making these openings shall be paid for separately. Cutting across
corrugation shall be measured on the flat and not girthed.
• Rate
• The rate shall include the cost of all the materials and labour involved in all the operations described above except
otherwise stated. This includes the cost of roof sheets, polymer coated or L hook, bolts and nuts, bituminous and
galvanised iron washers.
. 4.SEMI- CORRUGATED SHEET ROOFING
 SPECIFICATION & ESTIMATION
• As per CPWD specification ,NON-ASBESTOS HIGH IMPACT POLY PROPYLENE REINFORCED
CEMENT SEMI-CORRUGATED SHEET ROOFING is specified and its specification and measurements
are as follows
• Non Asbestos High Impact Poly Propylene Reinforced Cement Semi Corrugated Sheets
• These shall be of the specified thickness and of approved quality and shall conform to IS 14871 and they shall be free
from cracks, chipped edge corners or other damages.
• Laying
• The specifications for laying shall be the same as described in AC Corrugated Sheet except that
• (a) the sheets shall be laid with the end stamped ‘Top’ on the smooth side pointing towards the ridge,
• (b) the sheets shall invariably be laid from right to left starting at the eaves.
• (c) the side laps provided will be of one corrugation, the left hand small corrugation of each sheet being covered by the
right hand large corrugation of the next sheet.
• Specially manufactured expansion joint pieces shall be used for the purpose. The end lap of expansion joints shall not be
less than 150 mm. If the expansion joints may between the purlins, these should be stitched with seam bolts.
..CONTD
• Fixing
• The specifications shall be same as asbestos sheet except that along each line of purlin there shall be a hook
bolt in every vertical side lap corrugation and at the two verges and there shall be an additional hook-bolt
through one of the two intermediate corrugations on each sheet. When sheets are supported over
intermediate purlins as in the case of length over 1.40 metres for 5.5 mm thick sheets, fixing accessories are
required on the intermediate purlins, through each side lap and the verges only.
• Wind Ties & Finish
• The specifications shall be same as AC corrugated Sheet.
Measurements
• It shall be as described in AC Sheet ,the end lap of the sheets under asbestos cement
expansion joints where provided shall also be included in measurements. Gap between the sheets
under expansion joint shall not be measured. The expansion joint sheets shall be measured for the finished
work correct to one cm.
• Rate
• The rate shall include the cost of all the materials and labour involved in all the operations described above
except otherwise stated. This includes the cost of roof sheets, polymer coated J or L hook bolts and nuts,
bituminous and galvanised iron washers.
REFERENCE
1. M.Chakraborthi (2015)“Estimating, Costing, Specification & Valuation In Civil Engineering”
Published by the Author,21B, Bhabananda Road,Kolkata-26
2. CPWD Specification ,Vol.I,2009