IN HOUSE TRAINING 01

UNDERSTANDING GENERAL NOTES

PRASENTED BY :-GARAN

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
• Since concrete is a brittle material and is strong in compression. It is
weak in tension, so steel is used inside concrete for strengthening
and reinforcing the tensile strength of concrete. The steel must have
appropriate deformations to provide strong bonds and interlocking of
both materials. When completely surrounded by the hardened
concrete mass it forms an integral part of the two materials, known as
"Reinforced Concrete".

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Advantages of reinforced concrete
•Reinforced concrete also has greater compressive strength as compared to most other materials used
for construction besides good in tension.
•It has better resistance to fire than steel and capable of resisting fire for a longer time.
•It has long service life with low maintenance cost
•In some types of structures, such as dams, piers and footings, it is the most economical structural
material
•It can be cast to take the shape required , making it widely used in pre-cast structural components
•It yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection
•Yield strength of steel is about 15 times the compressive strength of structural concrete and well over
100 times its tensile strength
•By using steel, cross sectional dimesions of structural members can b ereduced e.g in lower floor
columns
•Less skilled labor is required for erection of structures as compared to other materials such as
structural steel.

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Disadvantages of reinforced concrete
•It needs mixing, casting and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete
•The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high
•It has low compressive strength as compared to steel (the ratio is about 1:10 depending on
material) which leads to large sections in columns/beams of multistory buildings Cracks develop in
concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads

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STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
• Slab
• Beam
• Column
• Wall
• Footings

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DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL

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UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD
UNISTRUCT CONSULTING ENGINEERS (PVT) LTD