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immunosurveillance
Evidence: oncogenic virus induction
Nude/athymic mouse
• Less tumor frequency occurs,
except to those with viral infection
• Methyl cholanthrene (MC)-induced
SCID mouse and MC-induced
control no difference in tumor
incidence; differ in immunogenicity
Innate-and Adaptive Immunity
against Tumor
Transformed (tumor) cells
Biewenga, 2008
Cytokine-induced immune
reactions
How they recognize tumor?:
NK cells vs CTL / Tc
NK/NKT cells
• Pattern recognition receptors
CTL/Tc
• Via TcR, cognate interaction with MHC
expression on APC, highly specific
Figure 2-50 Mechanisms by
which NK cells
distinguish
infected from
healthy-
uninfected cells
Biewenga, 2008
Mechanisms of tumor cell killing
Evade mechanisms of tumor cells
Mechanisms by which tumors
escape immune recognition
Low immunogenicity
• no peptide, -MHC expression, -co-
stimulatory molecules
Induce immune tolerance
• absence of co-stimulatory signals
Antigenic modulation
• antigen-loss variants
Immune suppression
• exp. TGF-b secretion
Privilege site
• create physical barrier
T cells (CTL, Th1) attack
Figure 14-14
Physical
barrier
endocytosis
Tumor cell
Privilege site
(principles, Scheper, 2008)
Concluding Remarks
Both the innate and adaptive immune
responses play a crucial role in tumor
immunity, in particular cellular-mediated
reactions
The growth and development of tumors
is depending upon their successful
evasion against immune recognition
Immunologic-based therapy against
tumors is being underway, such as
enhancing specifically cell-mediated
immune responses, and passive or
active immunization