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SPEECH

COMMUNICATION
“You can speak well if your tongue can
deliver the message of your heart.”

Introduction

The process by which


meanings are
exchanged b/w people
through the use of
common set of symbols
is called
COMMUNICATION.
What is Speech
Communication?
(from Latin "communis", meaning to share)
is defined as a process by which we assign and convey
meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. This
process requires a vast repertoire of skills in intrapersonal
and interpersonal processing, listening, observing, speaking,
questioning, analyzing, and evaluating.
Use of these processes is developmental and transfers
to all areas of life: home, school, community, work, and
beyond. It is through communication that collaboration and
cooperation occur.
Communication
Two-way Communication Process

Who... says what... in what way... to whom...

Commu-
Message Medium Receiver
nicator

Feedback

...with what effect


SEVEN “C’s” OF COMMUNICATION
C
C O
C O N C R E T E N E S S
U L C
R A I C
T R S C OM P L E T E N E S S
E I E R
S T N R
Y Y E E
S C
C O NSI D E R A T I O N
N
E
S
S
Forms of Communication
 NON – VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

* ORAL COMMUNICATION
* WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION
is the ability to talk with others to give and
exchange information & ideas, such as: ask
questions, give directions, coordinate work tasks,
explain & persuade by using the words of mouth.

How we use this skill?


greeting people and taking messages
reassuring, comforting or persuading
seeking information & resolving conflicts
facilitating or leading a group
ADVANTAGES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION

Effective
&
Efficient

Quick
Feedback
DISADVANTAGES OF
ORAL COMMUNICATION
Unfit for lengthy Message

Expensive Method

Lack of Clarity

Lack of Written Proof

Misuse of Time
METHODS OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION

Face-to-Face Conversation

Telephonic Talk

Meetings, Conferences
&Seminar Lectures

Radio &Television
Example of Oral Communication

An Impromptu Speech
• An impromptu speech is the most
difficult form of public speaking
assignment.
• It’s a type of speech that will not give
you enough time to prepare.
• But even with little to no preparation,
you are still expected to deliver a great
speech.
• A badly delivered speech is inexcusable
even though you didn’t have any time to
prepare.
Functions of Communication
• Gives information

• Knowledge management

• Decision making

• Coordinating work activities

• Creates control

• Express feeling / emotion


Types of Speech
Communication
• Informative – This speech serves to provide
interesting and useful information to your
audience. Some examples of informative
speeches:

– A teacher telling students about earthquakes


– A student talking about her research
– A travelogue about the Tower of London
– A computer programmer speaking about new
software
Types of Speech
Communication
•Demonstrative – This has many similarities with
an informative speech. A demonstrative speech also
teaches you something. The main difference lies in
including a demonstration of how to do the thing
you’re teaching. Some examples of demonstrative
speeches:

* How to start your own blog


* How to bake a cake
* How to write a speech
* How to… just about anything
Types of Speech
Communication
•Persuasive – A persuasive speech works to
convince people to change in some way: they think,
the way they do something, or to start doing
something that they are not currently doing. Some
examples of persuasive speeches:

• Become an organ donor


• Improve your health through better eating
• Television violence is negatively influencing
our children
• Become a volunteer and change the world
Types of Speech
Communication
•Entertaining — The after-dinner speech is a
typical example of an entertaining speech. The
speaker provides pleasure and enjoyment that make
the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal
information. Some examples of entertaining
speeches:

•Excuses for any occasion


•Explaining cricket to an American
•How to buy a condom discreetly
•Things you wouldn’t know without the movies
Levels of Speech
Communication
Intrapersonal Communication

Interpersonal Communication

Public Communication

Mass Communication

Group Discussion
Feeling fear is normal…..
Effective Communication

• Preparation
Effective Communication

• Practice

- practice makes perfect


- revision
- get time right
Effective Communication

• Presence
-overcome nervousness
-Body language
-voice tone
-gestures
-eye contact
-positive attitude
What makes a GOOD host?

• Attitude
• Personality
• Voice

BE YOURSELF.
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

1. SEMANTICS
Definition of words

Choice of words
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
2. POOR CHOICE, USE OF CHANNELS
 When to use certain channel

Oral alone:
• Simple reprimand
• Settle simple dispute
Written alone:
• Don’t need immediate feedback
• Need record
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

2. USE OF CHANNELS
Both channels:
• Commendation
• Serious reprimand
• Important policy change
Nonverbal
• Be aware of it.
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

3. PHYSICAL DISTRACTIONS
4. NOISE, PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL
5. STATUS DIFFERENCE
6. EFFECTS OF EMOTIONS
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

7. PERCEPTIONS
Stereotypes
Halo effects
Selective perception
• See and hear what we expect
• Ignore if conflicts with “what we know.”

Projection
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

8. FILTERING, SCREENING
NEGATIVE INFORMTAION
9. EVALUATING THE SOURCE
10.ABSENCE OF FEEDBACK,
POOR FEEDBACK
COMMON BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION

11. INFORMATION, DATA


OVERLOAD

12. POOR LISTENING


LISTEN TO RESPOND
LISTEN TO UNDERSTAND
TO OVERCOME BARRIERS:
Learn to use feedback well.
Be sensitive to receiver’s point of view.
Listen to UNDERSTAND!
Use direct, simple language, or at least
use language appropriate to the receiver.
Use proper channel(s). Learn to use
channels well.
Learn to use supportive communication,
not defensive communication.
STRATEGIES TO
REDUCE FEAR
• Know your Environment
• Know your Audience
• Know your Speech
• Learn to Relax
• Visualize a Successful Speech
• Evaluate Yourself
Things You Shouldn’t Do

• Read directly from notes


• Read directly from screen
• Turn back on audience
• Slouch, hands in pockets
• No um, ah, you know’s, so
• No nervous gestures
• Talk too fast,
• Talk too quietly
Things You Should Do

• Eye contact
• Can glance at
notes
• Appropriate
gestures
• Rhetorical
questions to
involve audience
Ten Successful Tips
Control the “Butterflies”

• Know the room- become familiar with the


place of presentation
• Know the audience- greet or chat with the
audience before hand. It’s easier to speak
to friends than to strangers
• Know your material-increased nervousness
is due to un-preparedness
Control the “Butterflies”

• Relaxation- relax entire body by stretching


and breathing so as to ease the tension

• Visualize giving your speech-Visualize


yourself giving your speech from start to
finish. By visualizing yourself successful,
you will be successful
Control the “Butterflies”

• People want you to succeed-the audience is


there to see you succeed not to fail

• Don’t apologize-by mentioning your


nervousness or apologizing, you’ll only be
calling the audience’s attention to mistakes
Control the “Butterflies”

• Concentrate on your message-not the


medium. Focus on the message you are
trying to convey and not on your anxieties

• Turn nervousness into positive energy-


nervousness increases adrenaline, transform
it into vitality and enthusiasm
Control the “Butterflies”

• Gain experience-experience builds


confidence, which is key to effective public
speaking
Practice takes you from this..
To this….

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