CRUDE OIL

CRUDE OIL

Petroleum in English, from Latin

Petrus means coral, oleum means
oil.
The oil varies in color. There are
black, dark brown or red.
Depending on the composition
The petroleum industry generally classifies
crude oil based on the geographical
location where the oil is produced. For
example Dubai crude.
Petroleum is a hydrocarbon compound which
acts as an energy source that is widely used in
life. Most of it is used to produce gasoline and
fuel oil, both of which are sources of "primary
energy" 84% of the volume of hydrocarbons
contained in petroleum is converted into fuel
(gasoline, diesel, aftur, LPG, etc.
The process of forming oil

The petroleum that we usually

use comes from the weathering of
micro-organisms and plants that
have been buried for millions of
years.
 Komponen utama minyak bumi

Petroleum is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons

(Carbon 83% -87%, Hydrogen (10% -14%) the type of
molecule that is widely used is alkane (both in the form of
a straight / branched chain). Inside are sulfur compounds
(0.05% -6%), oxygen (0.05% -1.5%) and nitrogen (0.1% -
2.0%).
 Oil processing
1. Petroleum is taken from oil wells in oil-mining (through
drilling which produces crude oil (Crude oil)). The
location of the well is obtained after going through the
process of geological studies, sediment analysis, etc.
2. The process of desalting (removing salt using water) and
separating the results based on the boiling point
(multilevel distillation) so as to produce various kinds of
fuel.
 Oil production process
5. Reforming (Change in the form of a poor quality
gasoline molecule (straight chain) to good quality
1. Crude oil (branched chain)

6. Alkylation (Adding the number of atoms in a

2. Salt Removal molecule to a longer and branching molecule)
and Polymerization (Merging small molecules into
large molecules)

3. Distillation
7. Treating (refining petroleum by removing the
impurities)
4. Cracking (each fraction is
purified)
8. Blending (Adding additives to the petroleum
fraction / increasing the quality of the product)