SETS

SETS

THE MEANING HOW DO

OF WE DEFINE VARIOUS
SETS?
 Show which set of
fruits?

Show which set of four-

legged animals?
Show which
woman is the
most
beautiful?
What is a sets?
A set is a group or collection of
objects

the symbols A={ . . . }

what is the relation

with
 is

elements or members of


In set language, the Greek
letter epsilon means “is a
members or elements of ”
 is

not a member of

And notated with 


 How to Define a sets
• Describing the elements
A = {whole number from 1 until 6}

• Listing the elements

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

• Set Notation
A = {x | x < 6, x ЄA}
 NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A SET

Usually, for a sets we denote the number of

elements in A as n(A)
Example:
Given A = {Odd number between 10 and 26}.
Find the number of element A!

Solution:
A = {11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25}
The number of element A is n(A) = 8
 VENN DIAGRAM
In a class there are30 students. They are having
a discussion. They are divided into 6 groups
(A, B, C, D, E, and F) consisting of 5 people.
 A B C

E F
D

Venn
diagram

The rectangle is the set that contains all

the sets in discussion. It is called the
universal set.
 S A
2
1
3
 4 5
7

Find the universal sets of the venn diagram?

S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}

Find the sets of A?

A = {1, 3, 5, 7}
EQUIVALENT SETS S A~B

S = {x:x is the first 5 natural A B

numbers or x is vocal of alphabet}
5 5

A = { 1,2,3,4,5}  n(A) = 5
B = { a,i,u,e,o}  n(B) = 5
 SUBSETS
A B Is read “A is the subset of B”

BA Is read “B contains A”

Let: S
.7
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} .1
P = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} ,3
.2
Q = {2, 4, 6} .4 .6
Determine the relationship .5
between the set P and the
set Q!
Finding All Subsets and The Number of Subsets of a Set

n Himpunan Himpunan Bagian Jumlah

0   1 1 = 20
1 {a}  , {a} 2 2 = 21
2 {a, b}  , {a} , {b} , {a, b} 4 4 = 22
3 {a, b, c}  , {a} , {b} , {c} ,{a, b} ,{a, c}, 8 8 = 23
{b, c} , {a, b, c}
4 ? ? ?
.
5 ? ? ? .
:. :. :. : .
.

k 2k
EXAMPLE 1:
Find all possible subsets of {a, b}!
Answer:
Possible subsets of {a, b, c} are:
{ } has no member
{a}, {b} has 1 member
{a, b} has 2 member
Example 2:
Find the number of all possible subsets of B = {a, b, c}!
Answer:
B = {a, b, c}, so n(B) = 3
Number of all possible subsets of B is = 2 3 = 8

Find the number of all possible subsets of D = {1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 6}!
Answer:
n(D) = 6
So, number of all possible subsets of D is 26 = 64.
Pascal Triangle
For the subsets of { }

For the subsets with 1

member
For the subsets with 2
member
For the subsets with 3
member
For the subsets with 4
member
Example:
Find the number of subsets of A = {p, i, z, a} which have 2 member!
Answer:

The number of subsets which have 2 members

is 6.

Example:
Find the number of subsets of B = {xI 2 < x < 10, x is a whole number}
which have 5 member!
Answer:
The number of subsets which have 5 members
is 56.
STORY MATTER ABOUT SETS
1. Out of group of 60 children, 50 children like playing basketball, 40 children
like playing badminton, and 35 children like both games.
a. Build a Venn diagram based on the above information!
b. How many children like neither basketball nor badminton?

2. Out of 30 students, 25 students like reading, 20 students like singing, and 4

students like neither reading nor singing.
a. Build a Venn diagram based on the above information!
b. How many children like both reading and singing?

3. From 40 students in the class room, 30 students like mathematics, and 28

students like biology. If 2 students dislike both of lessons, so how many
students who like both of the lessons?

4. Out of a group of persons, 20 persons like soccer, 25 persons like volleyball,

and 18 persons like both games.
a. Build a Venn diagram based on the above information!
b. How many persons are there in that group?