Scope of Fluid Mechanics

 Presenter: Muhammad Nasir

 Presented To: Dr Mujahid Khan
 Lay out of the presentation

 Fluid Mechanics
 Main Branches of Fluid Mechanics
 Scope of Fluid Mechanics in Engineering Field
 Scope of Fluid Mechanics In Medical Field
 Fluid Mechanics and its Branches

 Fluid Mechanics is that branch of science which deals with behavior of

fluid at rest as well as in motion. Thus this branch of science deals with
static, kinematics and dynamic aspects of fluid.
 Fluid Statics: The Branch of fluid mechanics in which study the behavior of
fluid at rest is called fluid statics.
 Fluid kinematics: The study of fluid in motion where the pressure forces are
not considered, is called fluid kinematics.
 Fluid dynamics: That branch of fluid mechanics in which pressure forces
are considered for fluid in motion is called fluid dynamics.
 Applications in Engineering

 Mechanical Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Chemical Engineering
Application in Mechanic Engineering

 Fluid is used as coolant in power plants, engines and machines.

 Aerodynamics
 Automobile Industry
 Ship industry
 HVAC system
 Turbo machinery
 Nuclear power plants
 Pressure Vessels
 Boilers
 Automobile Industry

 The automobile is so designed that air flow is laminar so that there is

minimum drag and fuel consumption is minimum. For this purpose vehicle is
designed oblong shape.
 Aerodynamics

 Aeronautical and aerospace engineers use fluid mechanics principles to

study flights and propulsion system.
 Aircraft shapes are so designed that air drag is minimum and it provide
the required uplift force.
 Turbo machinery

 Fluid mechanics principles are vastly used in the installation of turbo

machinery such as pumps, Turbines etc
 Turbine extract energy from flowing water and convert this hydraulic
energy into mechanical energy to drive electric generators.
 Pumps is a device used for moving fluid and converts mechanical energy
into hydraulics energy.
Turbo machinery
 HVAC System

 HVAC stands for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

 Computational Fluid dynamics(CFD) is widely used for analysis and design
of an HVAC system.
 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that
uses numerical methods to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid
flows.
 CFD allows the engineers to visualize flow velocity, thermal impacts for any
region.
HVAC System
 Applications in civil Engineering

 Drainage design
 Sanitation system
 Dams construction
 Hydraulics design of Bridges
 Design of tall buildings
 Design of Canals
 Syphon
 Wind Tunnels design
 Hydraulics
 High Rise Structure

 Movement of air around the building play an important in the design of

high rise structures because it exert pressure on the building and causes
bending and twisting of structure.
 The Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed primarily due to the aero elastic
flutter that was caused by high-speed winds that matched with the
natural frequency of the structure.
 Dams Construction

 Water pushes against the sides of the dam with the certain amount of
force.
 The principle force acting on the dam is the weight of water behind the
dam.
 Other forces includes the weight of the dam itself and wave pressure etc
 Fluid mechanics allow us to calculate these forces by using Bernoulli
theorem.
Dams construction
 Syphon

 A syphon is a long bent pipe is use for carrying water from a reservoir at a
higher level to another reservoir at a lower level when the two reservoirs
are separated by a hill or high level ground.
 The syphon works on the principle of Bernoulli’s, the flow through syphon
then remains continuous till pressure in syphon pipe remains negative but
less than separation pressure.
 Wind Tunnel

 The first wind tunnel was built in England in 1871.

 A wind tunnel is a chamber build for a purpose to examine characteristics
of air flow in contact with solid objects such as aircraft and automobile.
 The wind tunnel represent a safe and judicious use of the property of fluid
mechanics for the purpose to test the interaction of airflow and solids in
relative motion.
Wind Tunnel
Applications in Chemical Engineering

 Process industry
 Food Industry
 Petrochemical
 Pharmaceutical Industry
 Pollution Control
 Waste water treatment plants
 Biomedical Applications

 Many biomedical applications involve fluid flow and heat/mass transport in a

device or within the human body. Some examples includes
 Artificial heart valves
 Blood pumps
 Sphygmomanometer
 Medical power Injector
 Medical Ultrasound Scanner
 Electronic Fluid flow detector to measure fluid flow in hospital setting
 Ventilators
 Blood Oxygenators
 Filtration devices etc