Sustainable Urban

Neighbourhood :
Towards a responsive urban
design
(A case of Proposed Ghitorni Sub-city, Delhi)

M.Arch Sem. – 3rd

AR-801 - Dissertation

Supervisor : Submitted by:

Dr. Puneet Sharma Ankit Mittal
17M801
Structure of The Presentation
• Introduction
• Need of the Study
• Goal, Aim, Objective, Scope & Limitation
• Methodology
• Literature Study
• Literature Review
• Concept Urban Sustainability
• Models of Urban Development
• Concept of sustainable urban design
• Factors affecting sustainability in context of urban design
• Concept of Neighbourhood Unit- Clarence Perry
• Neighbourhood Model - Radburn Concept
• Sustainable neighbourhood –Introduction
• Sustainable neighbourhood Characteristics
• Urban design strategies for sustainable urban neighbourhood
• Sustainable neighbourhood Example – Vauban, Freiberg
• Site Appraisal
• Ghitorni Sub city - Location
• Zone J- Master Plan
• Zone J – Existing
• Ghitorni Sub city - Project Details
• References
Introduction

Sustainability - Ability to sustain itself in the prolonged future.

The term has become an increasingly important element to be considered in
the planning of urban areas.
Cities cannot be considered sustainable if their component parts, such as
neighbourhoods, do not meet sustainability criteria.
Many of the problems encountered at the macro-city scale are in fact
cumulative consequences of poor planning at the micro -neighbourhood level.

Source: https://www.mnd.gov.sg/urbansustainability/2011/index.html Source: Rudlin, D., & Falk, N. (2009). Sustaınable Urban
Neıghbourhood Buıldıng The 21st Century Home

A sustainable neighbourhood is place where people want to live & work now & in
future its a mixed used area with a feeling of belonging for community which
provides an environment with high quality of life.
Introduction

Sustainable urban design

• Sustainable urban design is to create livable places that emphasize
continuity in human habitation and interconnectedness between people
and places.
• The principles of sustainable urban design include the improvement of
quality of life in cities without leaving any additional burdens for future
generations or the depletion of key resources.

Sustainable Urban neighbourhood Towards a responsive urban design:

• Considers social, ecological, economical and social aspect of sustainable
urban development.
• Neighbourhood character of living and working at same place,
belongingness for community, proximity of services
• Responsive urban design relates to continuity, uniqueness and place making
 Need of the study

Goal :
To improve the urban sustainability in India in the context of urban neighbourhood.
Need :
Today’s urban development occurs at the expense of future generations.
The rapid and unexpected growth of cities escalating has inflicted damage upon
the environment.

Problem of Rapid Urbanization Affecting carrying Diminishing open and green spaces
capacity of cities.

Source:
P1 - Google earth-Shahdara, Delhi
P2 - https://www.concertoplus.eu/energy_consumption/
P3 - http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/urbanization/index.shtml
 Need of the study

Urban sprawl – developing Low dense Lack of Proximity of Traffic Congestion

areas, car-dependent communities public facilities.

As a result of it:

Deterioration in quality
Resources depletion Global warming
of life

Source:
P1 - https://www.planetizen.com/node/90575/shining-light-smarter-development-policies-india
P2 - https://www.kirklandwa.gov/depart/planning/Topics/10_Minute_Neighborhood_Analysis.htm?PageMode=Print
P3 - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/no-traffic-jams-in-delhi-after-december-2020-police-assure-sc/articleshow/65663233.cms
Aim & Objective

Aim :
• To achieve the sustainable neighbourhood development through urban
design strategies.

Objective:
• To built an image and entity of the area through urban design strategies.
• To introduce urban design strategies like mixed use planning, sustainable
transport, open and public spaces etc.
• To integrate existing infrastructure and city fabric in proposed model.
Scope and Limitation
Scope
Land use planning has been kept as per the master plan. Only Ghitorni Sub-
city has been detailed in Zone J. using sustainable urban design strategies.
Ghitorni Sub city to be created as Sustainable neighborhood . Form and
fabric of the neighbourhood detailing proposed strategies like sustainable
transport and sustainable storm water management etc. in the model.

Limitation
The study not going into details solid waste management, building design and
material, Energy usage, urban heat island, design of landscape etc.
METHODOLOGY
GOAL

NEED/APPROACH

AIM OBJECTIVES

LITERATURE
STUDY SURVEY &
ANALYSIS
STRATEGIES FACTORS METHODS &
TECHNIQUES
CASE STUDY

COLLECTION OF DATA

PRIMARY
STUDY
IDENTIFICATION OF SITE/ZONE
SECONDARY
SCOPE & STUDY
LIMITATION

REFRAMING OF OBJECTIVES

TO BUILT AN IMAGE AND ENTITY OF THE TO INTRODUCE URBAN DESIGN TO INTEGRATE EXISTING INFRA. AND
AREA THROUGH UD STRATEGIES STRATEGIES CITY FABRIC IN PROP. MODEL

DATA ANALYSIS

RESULTS PROPOSAL
Literature Review
S. no. Title of the paper
01 Sustainable Urban
Development in India:
Challenge & Approaches
02 Sustainable Urban Forms
Their Typologies, Models,
and Concepts
03 Greening the Economy: A
Review of Urban
Sustainability Measures for
Developing New Cities
04 Sustainable urban
design – a (draft)
framework
Author Year Journal/Source Conclusion
Pankaj 2012 International Rapid urbanization results challenges like
Bahadure, Conference on vast population; shortage of resources. To
Advances in cope up with the challenges, to improve
Sarika Bahadure Architecture & Civil the quality of urban life, it’s essential to
Engineering (AARCV prioritize the sustainability issue.
2012)
Yosef Rafeq 2006 International Journal Identifies design concepts - compactness,
Jabareen of Architectural sustainable transport, density, mixed land
Research uses, diversity, passive solar design, and
greening.
Objectives -decreased energy use, reduced
waste and pollution, reduced automobile
use, preservation of open space and
sensitive ecosystems, and livable and
community-oriented human environments.
Addanki Sai 2017 Sustainable Cities and Focus on sustainable transportation,
Charan Society considering potential climate change, mix
Hrishikesh of land use, positive public space
Venkataraman
Nico Larco 2015 Journal of Urban Describes the elements and topics in urban
Design design that should be considered when
addressing sustainability. Energy use and
GHG emissions, Water quality and
recharge, Habitat and ecological quality,
Equity and health.
Literature Review
S. no. Title of the paper Author Year Journal/Source Conclusion

05 Sustainable urban design CA Brebbia, JF 2002 The Sustainable City II: Five primary variables for achieving
paradigm: twenty five Martin-Duque Urban Regeneration sustainability: Human ecology, energy
simple things to do to & LC Wadhwa and Sustainability conservation, land and resources
make an urban conservation, air and water quality.
neighborhood sustainable

06 From Garden City to Eco- Ayyoob Sharifi 2015 Sustainable Cities and Planning at the neighborhood scale is
urbanism: The quest for Society recognized as essential for achieving
sustainable neighborhood sustainable development.
development Limits of physical and technological
solutions to social problems social equity
have not yet been completely addressed.

07 Neighborhood Unit and its Meenakshi 2008 Institute of Town Neighbourhoods form the urban tissue of
Conceptualization in the Planners, India Journal the city both physically and socially. A
Contemporary Urban means to preserve the socio-cultural values
Context

08 Developing sustainable Charles L. 2008 Habitat International Cities cannot be considered sustainable if
neighbourhoods Choguill their component parts, such as
neighbourhoods, do not meet sustainability
criteria.
Literature Review
S. no. Title of the paper Author Year Journal/Source Conclusion

09 Role of Sustainable Ar. Anjali 2014 IOSR Journal of Each Neighbourhood is Designed and
Neighbourhood in Urban V.Narad, Mechanical and Civil Managed to Complement and Enhance
Built Environment Engineering Performance of Surrounding Land Uses,
Ar.Priya V.Gupta Including Adjacent Neighbourhoods and
The Region as a Whole. Open spaces as a
vital constituent of the neighborhood’s
physical structure.
10 Toward sustainable Joshua Engel- 2005 Canadian Journal Infrastructure interconnections is
neighbourhoods the need Yan, Chris of Civil Engineering emphasized. It is difficult to achieve
to consider infrastructure Kennedy, neighbourhood sustainability objectives
interactions Susana Saiz, without infrastructure systems(like
and Kim transportation, water,buildings,urban
Pressnail forestry) at the urban scale that support
these micro-scale
goals.
11 The sustainable urban G. J. COATES 2013 International Journal Considered as successful example of
district of vauban in of Design & Nature sustainable district, includes integrate
freiburg, germany and ecodynamics multi-modal transportation linkages,
ecological storm water management, low-
energy passive solar houses, combined
heating and power (CHP) systems, mixed
uses (both public and private), local schools
and a variety of shops to meet everyday
needs, thus reducing greatly the need for
private car ownership.
 Concept of Urban Sustainability

Sustainability is the ability for the world and its resources to endure forever.
Urban sustainability is about building cities that could continue without running out of resources
& excessive reliance on the surrounding countryside

Source:https://www.concertoplus.eu/energy_consumption/

The aim of urban sustainability is to create:

• The smallest possible ecological footprint
• To produce the lowest quantity of pollution possible Three pillars of sustainability
• To efficiently use land
• Compost used materials, recycle it or convert waste-to-energy
• To make the city’s overall contribution to climate change minimal.
Source: https://www.siemens.co.uk/education/pool/teachers/crystal/downloads/what_is_urban_sustainability_v1.pdf
 Sustainability models - Garden city

• Garden City was proposed by Ebenezer

Howard in 1892 to address problems
associated with overcrowded cities. What
he proposed was a constellation of inter-
connected, self-contained new towns,
surrounded by a greenbelt and placed
around a large main city. Each city was
divided into six wards.
• Self-sufficiency, provision of green space,
housing-job proximity, and accessibility
are among major criteria considered in
Howard’s proposal.
• However self-diversification among the
city population engulfed the reserved
agricultural and recreational surrounding
and created an imbalance in the area.

Source: Planning the 21st Century Urban Neighborhood: Learning from Previous Concepts by Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, Journal of Architecture and Planning
(JAP) - King Saud University
Picture Source - http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/content/the_social_city_1898.jpg
 Sustainability models -Ecocity

• Ecocity as a term was first coined by Richard Register in his 1987

book, Ecocity Berkeley. In this concept Register proposed the
notion of an ‘urban ecology’, where the city could feed itself and
satisfy all its energy demands without help from outside its
boundaries.
• It would include pedestrianisation, compact cities near transit
nodes, social justice, local agriculture, recycling, voluntary
simplicity, restoring natural environments, ecologically sound
economic activity, and educational awareness of ecological issues.
• He has coined the phrase "access
by proximity" which suggest the
proximity to important functions
such as housing; work spaces;
food, hardware, and clothing
shops; educational facilities and
places to socialize, are necessary
to create ecologically healthy
cities. Urban Eco--‐system(IEFS, 2014)
Source: India’s ecocity? Environment, urbanisation, and mobility in the making of Lavasa by Ayona Datta, Journal -Environment and Planning C: Politics and
Space
Sustainability models-New
Urbanism
New Urbanism arose in the late 1970s and 1980s as a reaction to this urban
sprawl.
New Urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally
friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of
housing and job types.

It is the revival of our lost art of place-making, and is essentially are-ordering of

the built environment into the form of complete cities, towns, villages, and
neighborhoods - the way communities have been built for centuries around the
world. New Urbanism involves fixing and infilling cities, as well as the creation of
compact new towns and villages
Sustainability models-Smart city

A smart city is an environmentally conscious city that uses information technology (IT)
to utilize energy and other resources efficiently

Characteristics of Smart city:

• Uses physical infrastructure more efficiently

supporting
• Strong and healthy economic, social,
cultural development.
• Reduce usage of environmental capital and
support smart growth.
• Promotes the use of information and
communication technologies
• Provides High quality of life
Sustainability models-Compact city

The term Compact City was first coined in 1973 by George Dantzig and Thomas L.
Saaty, two mathematicians whose utopian vision was largely driven by a desire to
see more efficient use of resources.

• Promotes relatively high density with mixing of various activities

• It is based on an efficient public transport system and has an urban layout which
encourages walking and cycling, low energy consumption and reduced pollution.
• It is otherwise called as city of short distance

Compact city model: Compact city model: Compact city model:

DISTRICT TOWNS CITIES
 Concept of sustainable urban design

• Urban design is defined as the design and organization of urban form and
uses and includes the design of public space, transportation systems, open
space, platting and buildings in so much as they shape the public realm
• Urban sustainability encompasses topics of sustainability related to the entire
process of city development and management, while sustainable urban
design can be thought of as focus area within it that is concentrated
around issues of design.

• Sustainable urban design is to create livable places that emphasize

continuity in human habitation and interconnectedness between people
and places.
• The link between urban design and sustainability is primarily based on the
effect of urban form on transport, water quality and recharge rates, habitat,
equity concerns and pollution.

Source: Sustainable urban design paradigm: twenty five simple things to do to make an urban neighborhood sustainable, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC
Wadhwa, The Sustainable City II: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability.
Sustainable urban design – a (draft) framework, Nico Larco, Journal of Urban Design
 Factors affecting sustainability in
context of urban design
Energy use and GHG emissions (based on transport related sources)
Shifting of travel mode so that it reduces the number of auto trips and
increases the share of less energy intensive modes such as walking, biking and
transit.
Reducing the distance to a destination
• Creating compact, dense development that has a rich land use mix
• Street patterns, block size and connectivity affecting trip length and hence
mode choice.
• Quality of a route

Water quality and recharge

• The guiding strategies to a sustainable storm water approach are first to
reduce run-off and second to mitigate the run-off that is created.
• The urban design elements that affect the quantity and quality of run-off in
an area are the degree of compact development, the ratio of permeable
surfaces and the extent of natural vegetation and the urban forest, ground
water recharge rates
Source: Nico Larco (2015): Sustainable urban design – a (draft) framework, Journal of Urban Design
 Factors affecting sustainability in
context of urban design
Habitat and ecological quality and extent
Limiting the amount of natural habitat that is disrupted, by mitigating the inevitable
disruption that occurs when development happens and where possible by creating
habitats and ecologies that are robust in areas where human presence is dominant.

Energy use and production (based on non-transport related sources)

• Building energy use - the size, shape and orientation of blocks and individual parcels.
• Energy use through street lighting.
• The embodied energy of infrastructure

Equity and health

• Provide all residents with equal access to a high quality of life
• Urban design can play a role in the relative cost of housing and transport based on the
distribution of uses, accessibility, building and unit typologies employed
• Safety from crime, safety from accidents, and safety from pollution and toxins.

Source: Nico Larco (2015): Sustainable urban design – a (draft) framework, Journal of Urban Design
 Neighborhood Unit

• In 1923, Clarence Perry proposed the Neighborhood Unit . His aim

was to address social problems through enhancing physical design of
the community. It was designed in a way that allows residents to walk
no more than 400m to access civic facilities and commercial areas.
• Perry’s neighborhood unit concept began as a means of insulating
the community from the ill-effects of burgeoning sea of vehicular
traffic.
• The ‘neighborhood unit’ as a planning concept evolved in response
to the degenerated environmental and social conditions fostered as a
consequence of industrial revolution in the early 1900s.

Source: Planning the 21st Century Urban Neighborhood: Learning from Previous Concepts by Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, Journal of Architecture and Planning
(JAP) - King Saud University
Neighborhood Unit and its Conceptualization in the Contemporary Urban Context by Meenakshi- Institute of Town Planners, India Journal
 Neighborhood Unit

Place arterial streets along the

perimeter

Design internal streets

Center the School

Community center in Neighbourhood

Dedicate at least 10 percent
land area to open space

Source: Planning the 21st Century Urban Neighborhood: Learning from Previous Concepts by Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, Journal of Architecture and Planning
(JAP) - King Saud University
Neighborhood Unit and its Conceptualization in the Contemporary Urban Context by Meenakshi- Institute of Town Planners, India Journal
 The Radburn Plan

• Clarence Stein and Henry Wright developed

the 1928 plan of Radburn, New Jersey.
• Separation of pedestrian and vehicular
traffic
• Super blocks - large block surrounded by
main roads
• Houses grouped around small cul-de-sacs -
each accessed from main road. Living,
Bedroom faced gardens & parks, service
areas to Access Roads
• Remaining Land -Park Areas
• Walkways -designed such that pedestrians
can reach social places without crossing
automobile street.

Source: Planning the 21st Century Urban Neighborhood: Learning from Previous Concepts by Habib M. Alshuwaikhat, Journal of Architecture and Planning
(JAP) - King Saud University
Neighborhood Unit and its Conceptualization in the Contemporary Urban Context by Meenakshi- Institute of Town Planners, India Journal
 Sustainable Neighbourhood

• A sustainable neighbourhood is a mixed used area with a feeling of community;

it is a place where people want to live and work, now and in the future.
Sustainable neighbourhoods meet the diverse needs of existing and future
residents, are sensitive to their environment, and contribute to a high quality of
life. They are safe and inclusive, well planned, built and run, and offer equality of
opportunity and good services to all (Bristol Accord, 2005).

• Sustainable refers to the ability of the neighbourhood and wider urban systems
to be sustained over time and to minimize their environmental impact. (Thesis –
Building Sustainable neighbourhood)
• A SUN is a small-scale, urban area within a city that comprises social, economic
and environmental sustainability. The term "SUN" is
significant; sustainable relating to its longevity and reduced environmental
impact, urban relating to its location and physical character,
and neighbourhood constituting the social and economic wellbeing of the area.

Source: Developing sustainable neighbourhoods, Charles L. Choguill, Habitat International 32 (2008) 41–48
Rudlin, D. and Falk, N. (1999) Building the 21st Century Home: The Sustainable Urban Neighbourhood. Oxford: Architectural Press
Role of Sustainable Neighbourhood in Urban Built Environment , Ar. Anjali V.Narad,1 Ar.Priya V.Gupta , IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
Sustainable Neighbourhood
Characteristics
Sustainable Sustainability Definitions
neighbourhood Dimension
Characteristics
Make use of urban Economical This rule is based on the role that urban areas play in trading systems.
economies Environmental efficiency depends upon matching up supply with demand.
Green consumer products, waste recycling, public transport, etc. are only
viable if they can find a market and it is in cities that the major markets exist

Personal safety Social Having personal safety for all residents, for different ages with different
capability and physical abilities is the primary requirements of each
neighborhood
Mixed land-use Ecological, Wide and diverse choice of facilities, housings and vibrant street life. Mixed
Environmental, land-use is an intrinsic part of the quiddity of the neighborhood, and is a
Social column of sustainable urban development.
Green space Ecological, Ecologically – amending micro-climate condition, support wildlife;
Economical, Socially – making places more agreeable, consequently expanding the
Social feeling of proprietorship, balancing urban stress, enhancing personal
satisfaction and life quality;
Economically –holding property values in light of a superior personal
satisfaction
 Sustainable Neighbourhood
Characteristics
Sustainable Sustainability Definitions
neighbourhood Dimension
Characteristics
Building design Ecological, Reduce the energy demand to heat the spaces by utilizing the proper
and material Economical orientation, form and openings to achieve the best use of passive solar gain.
Sustainable material plays a significant role toward sustainability.
Designed to save Ecological, It should be ascertained that neighborhood is well managed and
resources Economical maintained so that it doesn't damage the environment .
Affordability and Economical, To unite the diverse social classes within the same community and
social mix Social guarantee accessibility to equal opportunity by providing different forms of
housing .An affordable and accommodating city is a core feature of a
sustainable city.
High density Ecological, The reduction of using cars and enhancement of willingness of people to
Economical, travel shorter distances for their shops and services need are the beneficial
Social outcomes of increased residential densities. people who live within the
vicinity of such services, will choose to walk to them rather than drive.
High level of Ecological, Well connected to jobs and services and adequate space for streets and an
walkability Environmental, efficient street network.
Social

Source: Developing sustainable neighbourhoods, Charles L. Choguill, Habitat International 32 (2008) 41–48
Role of Sustainable Neighbourhood in Urban Built Environment , Ar. Anjali V.Narad,1 Ar.Priya V.Gupta , IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
 Proposed Urban design strategies for
Sustainable urban neighbourhood
• Sustainable Transport
• Compact development
• High Density
• Mix land Use
• Affordability and diversity
• Green space and public realm
• Passive solar design
• Sustainable storm water management system
• Integration to city fabric
• Identifiable character zone in the city
• Revitalization of surrounding area through active and passive public
realm
Source: Sustainable urban design paradigm: twenty five simple things to do to make an urban neighborhood sustainable, CA Brebbia, JF Martin-Duque & LC
Wadhwa, The Sustainable City II: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability.
Sustainable urban design – a (draft) framework, Nico Larco, Journal of Urban Design
Source: Developing sustainable neighbourhoods, Charles L. Choguill, Habitat International 32 (2008) 41–48
Role of Sustainable Neighbourhood in Urban Built Environment , Ar. Anjali V.Narad,1 Ar.Priya V.Gupta , IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-
JMCE)
Site Appraisal

Ghitorni Sub-city, Delhi

The Site of Ghitorni Sub City is located in Zone J of Delhi, the National Capital
Territory of India.
NCT has total 15 zones in which A to H are in urban area and 6 zone J to P are
in Urban extension/ rural area, O is designated for Yamuna/ Yamuna Front.
The Site is located in near Ghitorni Metro Station.

Master Plan of Delhi 2021 Location of Zone J in Delhi

 Site Appraisal
-Zone J of Master Plan 2021, Delhi
Mehrauli-
Badarpur
Road

NH8

Ghitorni Sub-city
Site

MG Road
Asola Bird
Sanctuary

Ridge/
Regional Park
Site Appraisal
-Zone J of Master Plan 2021, Delhi
Zone J is bounded by Mehrauli-Badarpur road, NH8, NCT Delhi boundary
30 villages falling in the zone

Total NCT Delhi Area - 148400 ha.

Total area of the zone as per MPD 2021 - 15178 Ha
Area under Regional Park/Ridge - 6200 Ha
Green Belt - 410 Ha
Area under Asola Birds Sanctuary - 300 Ha
outside Regional Park

Area For Proposed Urban Extension - 8268 Ha

As per MPD 2021, urban extension is proposed to be planned with an overall gross
density of 250 person/hectare for a projected population of 2067000
The area predominantly occupied by the farm houses.
Site Appraisal
-Zone J (Existing), Delhi
Site Appraisal
-Ghitorni Sub-city, Delhi
The site is located near
Ghitorni metro Station.

It is surrounded by
farmhouses and Ghitorni
village.

Main Connectivity to the

Site through MG road

Area – 240 Acres

 Project Details

• Site Area – 240 acres (97.12 hectare)

• Maximum density allowed –
250person/hectare
• Estimated population - 25000
• Residential cum commercial complex
• Government Offices
• Residential complexes
• A convenient Shopping mall • 20% Land - Commercial Purposes
• A school • 70% Land -Residential Purpose
• Student and women hostels along with catering basic and
• A community center along with recreational necessities.
banquet halls • 10% - Will be used for developing
• Recreational clubs other facilities

Source:
https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/delhi/240-acre-greenfield-city-to-come-up-at-ghitorni/425320.html
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cabinet-note-for-delhis-first-smart-sub-city-project-soon/articleshow/61717458.cms
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhis-ghitorni-to-get-smart-city-project-worth-rs-15000-crore/articleshow/59241212.cms
References
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• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256079248_Defining_Sustainable_Urbanism_tow
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• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212609017300742
• http://gismaps.in/prod/indiabasemaps/Delhi/Delhi.html

Thank You….!!