Consists of:

• the gluteal
region (buttocks)

• the thigh

• the leg, and

• the foot.
* Support the body weight

* Locomotion
• Hip bone
- pelvis
• Thigh bone
- femur

• Leg bones
- tibia
- fibula
 Joint Bones Movements

Hip joint Pelvis and femur Flexion, extension,

abduction,
adduction and
circumduction

Femur, tibia and Flexion and

Knee joint patella extension

Ankle joint Tibia, fibula and Plantarflexion and

talus (a tarsal bone) dorsiflexion
• Boundary of the Gluteal Region

 iliac crest superiorly to the gluteal fold

(fold of the buttock) inferiorly
Natal
cleft
 Gluteal fold indicates the lower border Buttock
of the gluteus maximus muscle Gluteal
crease

 A deep midline groove, the natal

(intergluteal) cleft separates the
buttocks from each other.
• Includes two hip (coxal) bones
• Joined anteriorly at pubic symphysis
• Posteriorly attached to sacrum at sacroiliac joint

• Basin-like pelvis is formed by two hip bones (pelvic

girdle) + sacrum and coccyx
• False (greater) pelvis: broad region superior to pelvic brim;
contains abdominal organs
• True (lesser) pelvis: small region inferior to pelvic brim; contains
urinary bladder + internal reproductive organs
• 3 separate bones fuse by age 23 to form a hip bone

• Ilium: largest and most superior

• Ischium: lower posterior part
• Pubis: lower anterior part

• Bones meet at the acetabulum of the hip bone (socket

for head of femur)
Right
Hip
Bone
• Femur (thigh bone): largest bone in the
body

• Patella: kneecap in anterior of knee joint

• Tibia: shin bone

• Fibula: longest, thinnest bone in body

Right Femur
ANTERIOR
Intertrochanteric Crest

POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Intercondylar fossa or notch

POSTERIOR
 or
ridge

or ridge
PATELLA
Right Tibia
and Fibula
ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
• Tarsus (ankle) has 7 bones
• Large talus (ankle bone) and
• Calcaneus (heel bone)

• Metatarsals (foot bones)

• Numbered 1 to 5 from medial to lateral

• Phalanges (toe bones)

• Big toe has proximal and distal phalanges while others have
proximal, medial and distal phalanges. Numbered like
metatarsals from 1-5
TARSAL BONES
Right
Foot