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Arul Mary,
Associate Professor,
Department of Civil
Thiagarajar College of Engg., Madurai-15
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BEAM: Structural member subjected
to bending and shear.
Ma Va Vb Mb
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Yield and Plastic Moments
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Yield and Plastic Moments
Assumptions:
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Fu
Esh
Fy
Stress
y sh u r
.001 to .002 .01 to .03 Strain .1 to .2 .2 to .3
Esh
Fy
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic
Assumed in Design
Stress
y sh u r
.001 to .002 .01 to .03 Strain .1 to .2 .2 to .3
Stress-strain law
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Fu Initially we will
review behavior in
this range
Esh
Fy
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic
Assumed in Design
Stress
y sh u r
.001 to .002 .01 to .03 Strain .1 to .2 .2 to .3
Stress-strain law
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Yield and Plastic Moments
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Yield and Plastic Moments
P = A=0
Fi = A
Fi = 0
A
M = yA yi Centroid
M = yiFi Elastic
Neutral Axis,
ENA
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Yield and Plastic Moments
max
y ymax
M M
ENA
max
Elastic Behavior:
Strain related to stress by Modulus of Elasticity, E
= E
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Yield and Plastic Moments
Fy
Stress
Y Strain
Beyond yield -
Stress is constant,
Strain is not related to stress by Modulus of Elasticity, E
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Yield and Plastic Moments
Fy
Y Strain
Beyond yield -
Stress is constant,
Strain is not related to stress by Modulus of Elasticity, E
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y
y
Increasing
Fy Fy
Increasing Theoretically,
reached at infinite
Beyond Elastic Behavior strain.
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Yield and Plastic Moments
A1 A1
y yp A2/2
ENA x PNA x
A2 A2/2
A1 A1
ENA
Ai yi y
If homogenous material (similar Fy), PNA
divides Equal Areas, A1+A2/2.
A i
A1 A1
y yp A2/2
ENA x PNA x
A2 A2/2
A1 A1
Ix
bh 3
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A y 2 Zp = A iyi
A1 A1
PNA
ENA
yp
y
A2 A2
ENA
Ay i i
y
and tension.
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Yield and Plastic Moments
A1 A1
PNA
ENA
yp
y
A2 A2
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Yield and Plastic Moments
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Yield and Plastic Moments
Mp
My
Moment EI
curvature,
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Yield and Plastic Moments
Mp
My
Including Residual Stresses
Moment EI
curvature,
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Lateral Torsional Buckling
(LTB)
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Lateral Torsional Buckling
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Lateral Torsional Buckling
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Beam Lateral Bracing Examples
Brace must either prevent lateral
displacement of the compression flange, or
twist of the cross section
Tension Flange
Concrete Slab
Tension Flange Tension Flange
Cross Frame
Here there is no concrete floor slab. The cross frame prevents twist of
each girder and therefore acts as a lateral brace for each girder. Either
of the flanges may be in compression
Lateral Torsional Buckling
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Lateral Torsional Buckling
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It should not laterally buckle
None of its elements should buckle until a desired
limit state is achieved
Limit state of serviceability must be satisfied
Member should behave in accordance with the
expected performance of the system
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1 Laterally Supported Beam
The design bending strength of beams,
adequately supported against lateral torsional
buckling (laterally supported beam) is governed by
the yield stress
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Local Buckling
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Local Buckling is related to Plate Buckling
A
Torsional Displacement
A Lateral Displacement
Lateral Braces
B
M M Lateral Torsional
Buckling (LTB)
Lateral Braces
Compression Flange
B
Local Web Buckling Concerns
Shear buckling;
Shear strength may be reduced.
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Shear Strength
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Shear Strength
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Shear Strength
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SHEAR
Shear in a solid rectangular section
h/2 y y
h/2
b
h max 1.5
V
bh
, where y = 0
b shear distribution
1
h
2 3 3
b h bh bh
12
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Shear Strength Shear Yield Criteria
σ2 σy
σy Yield
Yielddefined
definedby
by
Mohr’s
Mohr’sCircle
Circle
σσ11 σσyy
σ1 σσ22 σσyy
σσ11σ2 2 σσyy
- σy
- σy
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Shear Strength Shear Yield Criteria
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Shear Strength
V = 0.6FyAweb
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Shear Strength
V
V
V V T
V V V V
C
Shear Buckle
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Web buckling in shear
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Beam Deflections
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Beam Deflections
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Beam Deflections
Typical criteria:
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Beam Deflections: Camber
Calculate deflection in beams from expected service dead
load.
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Beam without Camber
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SECTION 8 DESIGN OF MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING
8.1 General
8.2 Design Strength in Bending (Flexure)
8.2.1 Laterally Supported Beam
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Interaction between shear and moment
B
Vp
0.6Vp A
o
Mf Mp M
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8.2.1.3 Design Bending Strength under High Shear
V exceeds 0.6Vd
Md = Mdv
Mdv= design bending strength under high
shear as defined in section 9.2
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8.2 Design Strength in Bending (Flexure)
The factored design moment, M at any section, in a beam due to
external actions shall satisfy
M Md
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Shear yielding near support
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8.4 Shear yielding
The factored design shear force, V, in a beam due to external actions
shall satisfy
V Vd
Vd = design strength calculated as , Vd = Vn / γm0
8.4.1 The nominal plastic shear resistance under pure shear is given by:
Vn = Vp
Av f yw
Vp
3
Av = shear area
d/2 b1 n1 L 0.7 d
E
ry ry
450
Iy t3 t
d/2 ry
A 12t 2 3
LE 2 3 d
0 .7 d 2 .5
ry t t
Effective width for web buckling
65
Pcrip ( b1 n2 ) t f yw
b1 n2
1:2.5 slope
Root
radius
Stiff bearing length
Crane load
(Electric
Gantry Crane Span / 1000
operation
Dr S R Satish Kumar,over
IIT Madras
50 t) 67
Local Buckling
Flexure
Shear
Web Buckling
Web Crippling
Deflection
Thank You