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and Administration 1
Historical Development
of Policing
Police???
Police:
Derived from the Roman
word “ Politia” which
means a condition of a
state, government and
administration.
Politia originated from
the Greek word “
Politeia” which means
government, citizenship,
or entire activity of a
“polis” a city.
The French changed
the word “Police” and
used it to those
authorized people who
actually enforce the
law.
The Americans
borrowed the word
from the French and
used to describe a law
enforcement officer.
Police???
Means the internal organization or
regulations of a state, the control and
regulation of a community or state
through the exercise of the constitutional
power of the government.
Historical
Background on
Policing:
1. Primitive Policing
1. Primitive Policing:
Law enforcement can be traced back
to the cave dwellers, who were
expected to follow certain rules or
face banishment or death.
The customs depicted in early cave
dwelling may represent the beginning
of law and law enforcement.
1. Primitive Policing:
The prehistoric social order consisted of small
family groups living together as tribes or
clans.
Group living gave rise to customs everyone
was expected to observe. The tribe’s chief
had executive, legislative and judicial powers
and often appointed tribe members to perform
special task to include guarding the
community against depredationof lawless
elements.
2. Ancient Law Enforcement:
The Summerians:
The early record of ancient peoples need
to standardize rules and methods of
enforcement to control human behaviour
dates to approximately 2300 BC., when
the Sumerian rulers LIPITHSTAR and
ESHUMMA set standards on what
constituted an offense against society.
The Babylonians:
The Code of King Hammurabi (2100
BC)
During the time of Babylonian King
Hammurabi, he established rules for
his kingdom that designated not only
offenses but punishment as well.
The Babylonians:
The principle of the code was that
strong shall not injure the weak.
Hammurabi originated the legal
principle of LEX TALIONES – “the
eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth”
Ancient Egypt:
The early Egyptians established laws
and court and a rudimentary rule of
law.
The first account of developing court
system was originated in
approximately 1500 BC.
Ancient Egypt:
The court system was presided by
judges who were appointed by the
pharaoh.
They later organized marine patrols
and customhouses to protect
commerce.
Ancient Greece:
The Greeks had an empressive law
enforcement called EPHORI.
Each year at Sparta, a body of
Ephors was elected and given almost
unlimited powers as investigator, jury.
Judge, and executor.
Ancient Greece:
These five men also
presided over the senate
and assembly, assuring
that their rules and decrees
were followed.
Ancient Greece:
From the Greek philosopher PLATO,
who lived from 427 to 347 BC, was
the idea of punishment should serve
the purpose rather than simple
rataliation.
re·tal·i·a·tion
noun
noun: retaliation; plural noun: retaliations
the action of returning a military attack; counterattack.
Ancient Rome:
The Romans had a high development
system administering justice.
The 12 Tabulae (12 Tables) were the
first written laws of the Roman
Empire.
Ancient Rome:
The 12 Tabulae (12 Tables):
It deals with legal procedures,
property ownership, building codes,
marriage customs and punishment
for crimes.
Emperor Augustus:
He created the so-called VIGILES,
who were assigned as the fire
fighters and eventually given law
enforcement responsibilities.
As the first civilian police force the
VIGILES sometimes kept the
peace very ruthlessly, hence the
word VIGILANTES.
Ancient Rome:
At the reign of Emperor Augustus,
he created the PRAETORIAN
GUARD, which consisted of about
7000 men / soldiers to protect the
palace and the city of Rome,
together with the URBAN
COHORTS to patrol the city.
Ancient Rome:
Another important event
was the time of Justinian I,
ruler of Eastern Roman
Empire (527 to 265 AD)
Justinian I:
He collected all Roman laws and
put it into his Justinian Code –
they became known as the
Corpus Juris Civilis – which
means the Body of Law.
Development of
Policing in the
International Setting:
The Early
Policing System:
A. ANGLO SAXON
( Ancient England)
Period – 600 – 1066 A.D.
1. Thanes Policing System:
It was introduced by King Alfred the Great
A type of internal Police force where
landowners throughout the kingdom were
responsible to police their own territory.
Landowners were empowered to arrest
offenders and deliver them to the King.
The landowners were also empowered to
settle civil litigations.
2. Frankpledge Policing System: