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Electricity
1
Primary Hazards
Electric shock
Electric fire & explosion
Electric flash
Electric burns
2
Secondary Hazards
Person falling from height
Dropping of tools & objects
Health hazards due to release of toxic gas &
production of UV rays
Psychological effects
Emotionally anxious
Distracted
More prone to accidents
3
Electric Shock
4
Severity Of Shock Depends -
Duration of flow
Amount of current
Path of flow of current
Type of energy
5
Body Resistance
Body area resistance (ohms)
Internal body -
Hand foot 400 to 600
Ear to ear (about) 100
6
Person
P in touch
POWER
SOURCE with
live wire
N
•I = V/R
= 230 / 100000 A (Dry Condition)
= 0.0023 A
= 2.3 mA
EFFECT ON HUMAN –
50Hz
Shock, Let – go border line <= 10 mA
of painful shock, Muscles >= 10 mA
still under control
Muscle control affected 15 mA
Breathing difficulties start 20 mA
Severe shock & possible
death due to rapid, 50 mA
uncoordinated series of
contraction of heart > 3 sec.
muscles causing irregular
heart beat & possible
death
8
How Shock Occurs
By simultaneously touching the phase and
neutral conductor thus completing the circuit
through his body
Y
ALTERNATOR
B
LOAD HAVING
METALLIC BODY
R
N
9
2. By touching the phase conductor and
standing on the ground
ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY
10
3. By touching a metallic part that has become
live by itself being in contact with an
energised wire
Y
ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY
11
Shock Protection Methods
Isolation
Current limitation
Low voltage
Double insulation
Earthing
12
Isolation
All electrical equipment should be isolated
from accidental contact & approach by
unauthorised men. Providing barrier
Panel boards, generators, large motors,
batteries should be enclosed
Low & medium voltage OH lines should be
kept 19’ above the ground
13
Isolation Switches
The switches should be connected in phase only
The switches should be easy and free to operate
Body of the metallic switches should be earthed
Every DB should be provided with a switch
It is advisable to keep switch as near as possible to the
work-place
P
POWER
SOURCE
N
SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMER
15
Low Voltage
24V hand lamps.
CENTRE TAPPED
TRANSFORMER 115V
230V
16
Double Insulation
•Another insulation added.
•Double insulated power tools have non-metallic body
•Need not be earthed (two point plug is sufficient)
Insulation
Functional Protective 17
Electrical Safety
Site requirements
18
Check in General for
Neutral earthing (In case of X-mer or DG)
Protective shed
Body earthing
Earth pit for body earthing
Earth resistance
Fuses
Loose connection of cable
Housekeeping
Fire extinguisher and type 19
ELCB
63 A
30 mA
20
PLUG TOPS
• PLUG TOPS SHOULD BE USED TO AVOID SHOCK
DANGER.
METALLIC BODY
21
HAND TOOL
Earthing
22
Earthing Scheme for Construction Power
Facilities
CLIENTS
EARTH ELECTRODE
EARTH ELECTRODE DRG NO. STD/GRD/021
50 X 6 G.I. FLAT
SUB - DB
PIPE EARTH PIPE EARTH
NO. 8 SWG G.I. WIRE DRG NO. STD/CONP/002
FDB
PIPE EARTH PIPE EARTH
GROUND LEVEL
4”
200
EARTH LEAD EARTH LEAD
2500 (MIN.)
12 HOLE
NOTE: SUFFICIENT WATER TO BE x x
POURED INTO SUMP TO KEEP
SOIL SURROUNDING EARTH PIPE SECTION ‘X’ - ‘X’
PERMANENTALY MOIST
150 150
24
TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL EARTHING - SIZE OF EARTH
LEAD
TRANSFORM ELECTROLYTIC INSULATED (PVC) G. I.
ER RATING BAREE SINGLE CORE CONDUCTOR OR
COPPER STRANDED STRIP
CONDUCTOR ALUMINIUM
OR STRIP
50 KVA AND 8 SWG 16 SQMM 1” * 1/8” (25 mm
BELOW * 3 mm)
75 KVA 8 SWG 25 SQMM 11/2” * ¼” (40
mm * 6 mm)
100 KVA 4 SWG 35 SQMM “
150 KVA 2 SWG OR 1” * 70 SQMM “
1/16”
200 KVA 1” * 1/16” 95 SQMM “
250 KVA “ 150 SQMM “
300 KVA “ 225 SQMM “
500 KVA 1“ * ¼” 300 SQMM 2” * ¼” (50 mm *
6 mm)
750 KVA 11/2” * 1/4 2*225 SQMM OR ABOVE 500 KVA
1*500 SQMM ONLY Cu OR Al
TO BE USED
25
EQUIPMENT EARTHING - SIZE OF EARTH LEAD
(Transformers, Motors, generators, Switch
gears etc.)
Rating of 400 V 3 phase Size of Earthing Conductor
50 cycles equipments in Bare copper Aluminium PVC Galvanised
KVA insulated Iron
UPTO 5 (4 KW) 14 SWG 6 SQMM 7/22
6 TO 15 (4.8 TO 12 KW) 10 SWG 16 SQMM 8 SWG
16 TO 50 (13 TO 40 KW) 10 SWG 16 SQMM 1” * 1/16”
51 TO 75 (41 TO 60 KW) 8 SWG 25 SQMM 1” * 1/16”
76 TO 100 (61 TO 80 KW) 6 SWG 35 SQMM 1” * 1/8”
101 TO 125 (81 TO 100 KW) 4 SWG 50 SQMM 1” * ¼”
126 TO 150 (80 TO 100 KW) 2 SWG OR 1” * 70 SQMM 1” * ¼”
1/16”
151 TO 200 (121 TO 160 1” * 1/16” 70 SQMM 11/2” * ¼”
KW)
201 & ABOVE (161 KW & 1” * 1/8” 185 SQMM 2” * ¼”
ABOVE)
26
Fuses
Fuses are proven safety devices for overload
conditions
Check the fuses for their current ratings
Never replace fuse wire with ordinary copper
or aluminium wire
High rupturable cartridge fuses are now a
days easily available and has advantages
over traditional fuses
27
ELCB
(EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
For portable power tools power supply is taken through ELCB
Saves persons from electric shock
Person in
touch with
POWER
ELCB
SWITCH faulty eqpt.
SUPPLY BOX
Having
elec.
Charges on
it”s body
29
Causes of Electric fire
Selection of improper/substandard equipment and
materials.
Electrical installation not in accordance with statutory
regulations.
Overloading of equipment.
Maintenance negligence.
Failure of insulation level.
Damage due to rodents, termites and pests.
Lightning.
Water seepage.
Static electricity. 30
Maintenance negligence
i) Temporary electrical connection
31
Failure of insulation level
Insulation failure occur due to following various reasons:-
33
Electric Flash
It is the result of the breaking of circuit of electric current
Higher the current, slower the rate of separation of parts, the
greater is the flash
It is the result of arcing
Being a known hazard sufficient preventive measures are
taken to guard against it like magnetic blow out coil & arc
chutes
Electric flash generally affect the eyes, if a person sees it
with his naked eyes. Personal protective equipment has to
be used
34
Cable Routing
All electrical cables should be run either
overhead (7 feet) or underground
Cable routing layout map to be prepared so
that it does not cause tripping hazards
Welding and power cables not to be
overlapped
35
Cables
Single phase supply
Phase - red
Neutral - black
Earth - green
Yellow
Blue
Neutral - black 36
PROTECTING CABLES FROM
DAMAGES
37
Cable Joints
Staggered joints
CABLE 1
3/4” 3/4” 3/4” 3/4”
CABLE 2
Jointsare not to be overlapped
One primary insulation and an overall secondary
insulation is to be done
Proper insulation tape are to be used
Jointing kit 38
Hand Lamps
Only 24V hand lamps are to be used
Hand lamps are to be enclosed by glass
surrounded by metal wire mesh
Hand lamps used for confined space work
should be of all insulated type with no joints
39
Manpower
Employ qualified electrician, preferably ‘B’
license holders
Identification of the electrician - red helmet
40
Registers & Procedures
Weekly ELCB check register
Lockout / Tagout
Permit system
41
Electrical Safety
Employ qualified electrician, preferably ‘B’
license holders
Display electrical equipment & cable routing
layout
All electrical installation to be tested &
commissioned as per BIS codes and IER
All DB’s should be covered
Earthing of all electrical installations
Regular maintenance
42
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Records to be maintained, ELCB
Display caution boards
Provide ELCB for portable
equipment
24 V hand lamp
Follow rules and regulations
Follow safety measures
Adopt protective system
Insulation
Regular inspection 43