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Part (2)
• 3.Treatment
• For chloroquine sensitive strains,
chloroquine is the drug of choice
except for the treatment of drug
resistant falciparum malaria.
• The standard dosage is oral
administration of a total of 25mg of
chloroquine base/kg over a 3 day
period.
• For children and infants, the dose
never exceeds 5mg base/ kg in S.C.
injection.
Patients control:
• To prevent relapse: In case of vivax or
ovale malaria, treatment of clinical attack is
by chloroquine followed by a course of
primaquine (adult dose is 15 mg base daily
for 14 days).
• In the treatment of falciparum malaria:
• it is essential to monitor the response to
treatment by examination of blood smears
at least once daily. If the parasite density
remains unchanged or is higher 48 hours
later, the presence of a resistant strain
should be suspected and an alternative
drug should be administered.
Patients control:
• Treatment of drug resistant falciparum malaria:
By using one of the following:-
• 1)Quinine sulfate followed by fansidar.
• 2) Quinine sulfate & tetracycline administered
concurrently.
• 3) Mefloquine.
Control
For contacts:
• Investigate for source of infection.
• Ask about previous infection or possible
exposures.
• Treat those with positive blood smear.
International Measures
• 1.Dis-insectization of aircraft before departure from
endemic areas or in transit using a space-spray
application of an insecticide of a type to which the
vectors are susceptible.
• 2.Dis-insectization of aircraft, ships and other vehicles
on arrival if the health authority at the place of arrival
has reasons to suspect the importation of malaria
vectors.
• 3.Maintaining rigid anti-mosquito sanitation within the
mosquito flight range of all ports and airports.
• 4.Administer anti-malarial drugs to potentially infected
migrants or workers (those coming from endemic
areas) who will work in countries where malaria has
been eliminated.
Vaccine Development
• 1. Against the sporozites: They avoid
infection in the vertebrate host and produce
a sterile resistant state opposing infection
with plasmodium.
• 2. Against the merozoites: prevent them from
infecting the erythrocytes, thus opposing the
production of those parasitic forms, which
generate clinical signs of disease, while
diminishing the reservoir of gametocytes.
• 3. Against the gametes: They inactivate male
gametes and make fertilization impossible,
thus reducing transmission of the disease.
cdc.gov
Malaria Eradication:
• Malaria eradication implies an intensive short-
term effort for the elimination of malaria
parasites from the human population so that
there is no further occurrence of malaria even
in the presence of carrier mosquitoes.
Thank you