This is a hydrogen atom.

These are also hydrogen

atoms.
How are they different
from the first one?

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

 Isotopes

These hydrogen atoms are known

as isotopes.

Notice that these atoms have

the same number of protons
but different number of
neutrons.

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

 Isotopes

Isotopes are
atoms of the same element
(with the same number of protons)
but different number of neutrons.

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

 Isotopes

Most elements that commonly occur are made

up of isotopes.

For example, chlorine exists as two isotopes.

A sample of chlorine gas consists of

75% of chlorine-35 and 25% of chlorine-37.

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

 Isotopes - Properties

Isotopes have the same chemical properties but

slightly different physical properties.

The chemical properties of isotopes are similar because

chemical reactions involve only the electrons.

The physical properties differ because the relative

masses of the isotopes differ.

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.

 Isotopes - Uses

Isotopes that emit high-energy radiation

are called radioisotopes.

A heart pacemaker is implanted in patients with

heart problems to regulate their heartbeats.

Pacemakers were powered by the isotope

plutonium-238.

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.