INSTITUTIONAL

IMPACT OF SPANISH
RULE
Economic Institution
 Monopolies (rentas estancadas)
 Spiritious Liquors (1712-1864)
 Betel Nut (1764)
 Tobacco(1782-1882)
 Opium (1847)
 Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the
dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver
somniferum).[5] Approximately 12 percent of the opium latex is made up of
the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and
other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for illegal drug trade.
The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu),
which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and
South Asia, and parts of east Africa. It is commonly referred to as betel nut so it is easily
confused with betel (Piper betle) leaves that are often used to wrap it (paan).
Tobacco is a plant originally indigenous to the Americas which is now grown
across the world. ... The leaves may be smoked (in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes),
applied to the gums (as dipping and chewing tobacco), or inhaled (as snuff).
Spirituous liquors" means any alcohol beverage obtained by distillation,
mixed with water and other substances in solution, and includes among other
things brandy, rum, whiskey, gin, and every liquid or solid, patented or not,
containing at least one-half of one percent alcohol by volume and which is fit for
use for beverage purposes.
“Taxation Without Representation”
 The colonist were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in
London, which passes the laws under which they were taxed.
 Situation in which government imposes taxed on a particular group of its
citizens, despite the citizens not consenting or having an actual
representative deliver their views the taxation decisions was made.

Direct Taxes (personal tribute and income tax)

Indirect Taxes (customs and duties)
Polo y Servicio Personal or Prestacion
Personal
 Polo in tagalog means (pulong) originally means is “meeting pf persons and things”
also “community labor”. Polistas or drafted laborers its either Filipino or Chinese
citizen who’s age ranging from 16 to 60 years old who are obligated to work.
 The laborer will be exempted by paying the “falla” (payment of 1.5 real during the
40-day period).

Negative Effects:
Upsetting the village economy forced separation from family decimation of male
population.
Encomiendas: Royal and Private
 The encomienda from the world encomendar, meaning “to trust,” was revenue-
getting Hispanic institution introduced to the Philippines via Mexico. This was grant
from the Spanish crown to a meritorious Spaniard to exercise control over specific
place including its inhabitants.

2 kinds of Encomiendas:
 Royal/Crown- “realenga or encomienda de la real corona”
The crown encomienda were reserved for the principles towns and ports
such as Bagumbayan(now Luneta), Tondo, Malabon in Manila, Lubao and Betis In
Pampanga.
 Private- “encomienda de particulars”
the private encomiendas were granted to individuals who were either the
Kings proeteg or men who served with merit during the conquest. Examples of
them include Pandacan,Sampaloc, and Macabebe privately owned by one Pedro
Chaves; Bataan by Juan Esguerra; and Batangas owned personally by Francisco
Rodriguez.
The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565-1815)

Acapulco galleon- (“galleon de Manila” or “nao de China”)

-between Manila and Acapulco de Juarez, reaching as far as Callao in Peru.
- the trip lasted fro 200 days return voyage alone is 70 days.

Positive Effects:
Intercultural exchanges between Philippines and America.
Negative Effects:
Construction over Agriculture Trade over Agriculture
Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country
(1780-1895)

 Jose de Basco y Vargas- “ despotism ilustrado”

(Enlightened despotism)
 1780, organized the Real Sociedad Economica de
Amigos de Pias or Royal Economic Society of the Friens
of the country
 “toform a society of learned and competent persons
capable of producing useful ideas”
 Introduced “Plan General Economico”.
Royal Philippine Company (1785-1814)

 Created on March 10, 1785 by Charles III with a 25-year charted

for the purposes of uniting American and Asian commerce.
 The Dutch and English interest saw it as a direct attack on their
trade in Asians goods.
 Also had a stiff competition with Manila-Acapulco Trade.
 Exclusive for cotton production and weaving, cultivation of black
pepper, besides the propagation of silk, indigo and sugar.
Infrastructure, Telecommunications and
Public Utilities
 Transportation System
 Ferrocarril de Manila
-extended 120 miles to Dagupan(Pangasinan)
-only railway line in the archipelago operated regularly 4 years before Philippine
revolution 1896.

 Compania de los Travias de Filipinas

-(1885) established in Manila by Jacob Zobel de Zangroniz and Adolfo Bayo.
-(1892) 5 street car service lines (4 horse-drawn) and 1 tranvia de vaporsteam-
powered.
Infrastructure:
Puente Colgante (Now Quezon Bridge)
- 1st suspension bridge in the Far East
- 110 meters long and 7 meters wide.
- designed by Gustave Eiffel
- pedestrians were changed by 1 kusing (0.5 centavos) while each
horse cost 3 cuartos (2 centavos) and toll charges for vehicles
depends on the number of 3 wheels (more wheels, higher rates).
Education Transformation
“La Letra Con Sangre Entra” (Spare the rod, Spoil the Child)
-The earliest school in the Philippines were in compliance with
Charles V’S decree of July 17, 1550. Which provided that Indios in all
the Spanish dominions were to be taught the conqueror’s language.

“Colegio de Ninos (1956)

-An annex to Jesuit Colegio de Manila, founded a year before.
-After 5 years, Colegio de Ninos folded up due to lack of fund.
 Boy’s College and Secondary Schools
 -Exclusive for male colleges:
1589- Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio (became a University in
1962)
1599- College of San Ildefonso(now University of San Carlos)
1601- College of San Jose
1590- College of San Ignacio
1595- College of Immaculate Conception (AdMU)
1611- Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santissimo Rosario(now
UST)
1620- Seminario de Ninos Huerfarios de San Pedro y San
Pablo(now college of San Juan de Letran).
Girl’s schools
 -1st boarding school for Spanish girls
 Colegios of santa Pontenciana(1591-1864)
 Santa Isabela(1632)

 Beatrios –exclusive for daughters of upper class Spaniards; includes:

 1684-Beaterio de la Compania de jesus(now Religious of the Virgin Mary)
 1696-Santa Catalina de Sena
 1719-San Sebastian de Calumpang (now Santa Rita College)
 1740-Santa Rita de Pasig
 1750-Saanta Rosa
Social Transformation
 Rizal, Del Pilar and Luna
 Mabini, Malantic, Dndan and Panganiban
 Catalogo Alfabetico De Apellidos “Utot”,”Unggoy” and “Casillas”
 Polo y Sevicious Personales
 Control Population Movement “Avoiding Unauthorized Migration, Tax Evation and
Other Abuses in The Eyes of Spaniards
 Strictly Impose in Bikolandia and some Part of Ilocandia and Panay
 Change of family names was completely ignored in some areas in Laguna and
Pampanga
 Bahay Kubo
 Class Pobre for Filipinos
 And dwelling into a bahay na bato with a wide azotea (from the original batalan)
 And sometimes retaining the banguerahan and providing much needed water
supply.